Anatomical location of the macaque monkey cortical regions discussed in this article. Top row and bottom left: the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and three subregions (dorsolateral, ventrolateral and orbital PFC) referred to in this article. The combination of grey and blue represents the whole of the PFC in each case. Blue represents the subregion in question. The subregions illustrated are those used for lesion boundaries in a number of studies discussed here [36–38], and are meant to be illustrative rather than definitive. As we point out, the PFC can be divided in multiple ways. Bottom right: the red region indicates the location of inferotemporal cortex (IT) in the macaque brain. The role of the interaction between the PFC and the IT is discussed in the latter part of this article. Directional indicators: A, anterior; I, inferior; L, lateral; M, medial; P, posterior; S, superior. Abbreviations: AS, arcuate sulcus; CIN, cingulate sulcus; IOS, inferior occipital sulcus; LOS, lateral orbital sulcus; LS, lateral sulcus; MOS, medial orbital sulcus; OTS, occipitotemporal sulcus; PS, principal sulcus; ROS, rostral sulcus; RS, rhinal sulcus; STS, superior temporal sulcus.