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Control of intracellular signal transduction by light. a, A plasma membrane-targeted phytochrome undergoes dimerization with a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-tagged PIF protein exposed to red light, which can be reversed by illumination with infrared light. b, This system can be used to translocate a targeted activator protein to the plasma membrane, enabling optogenetic control of a large number of biochemical signaling pathways.
