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. 2010 Dec 6;341:c6549. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c6549

Table 1.

 Demographic characteristics of participants at baseline according to allocation to varenicline or placebo for help in cessation of use of smokeless tobacco products

Varenicline (n=213) Placebo (n=218)
Physical characteristics
No (%) of men 189 (89) 196 (90)
Mean (SD) age (years) 43.9 (12.0) 43.9 (12.0)
Mean (SD) weight (kg) 86.0 (13.8) 86.3 (14.3)
No (%) white 211 (99) 217 (100)
History of use of smokeless tobacco
Age at first use (years):
 Mean (SD) 22.9 (11.6) 21.7 (10.2)
 Range 11-66 6-60
No of years of use:
 Mean (SD) 20.3 (11.0) 21.7 (11.8)
 Range 1-45 1-50
Portions used per day:
 Mean (SD) 15.4 (5.8) 15.9 (7.7)
 Range 8-40 8-80
Longest period of abstinence in past year (days):
 Mean (SD) 3.1 (11.4) 5.5 (13.7)
 Range 0-90 0-90
No of previous serious quit attempts:
 Mean (SD) 1.72 (2.67) 2.16 (5.04)
 Range 0-15 0-50
No (%) who had never previously attempted to quit 90 (42) 77 (35)
Mean (SD) modified Fagerström test score* 7.5 (1.6) 7.6 (1.7)
No (%) of former smokers 104 (48) 104 (49)

*Modified score 0-10 (maximum). Questionnaire has not been standardised; mean score for representative population of users of smokeless tobacco is unknown.