Figure 1.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pretreatment reduced serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) after ischaemia/reperfusion, but in late-phase treatment only. (A) LPS (100 µg/kg) was administered 20 h or 30 min before ischaemia (n = 6). Mice underwent 90 min of ischaemia and subsequent reperfusion. Serum levels of ALT in each sample were measured 6 h after reperfusion. (B) Expression of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was examined for evaluation of the pre-ischaemic inflammatory response by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (n = 6). As an endogenous control, the amplification of 18S rRNA was used. Results are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. *P < 0.05, compared with the LPC(−) group and the Early-LPC group. LPC(−), LPS-non-treated group; Late-LPC, late-phase LPS preconditioning group; Early-LPC, early-phase LPS preconditioning group