Experimental protocol for the five groups. Black areas represent periods of hepatic ischaemia, white areas represent periods of normal hepatic blood perfusion. Liver biopsies were collected at the end of each experiment. IRI, 30 min of ischaemia. IPC, ischaemic pre-conditioning + 30 min of ischaemia. IPO, 30 min ischaemia + ischaemic post-conditioning. IPC + IPO, ischaemic pre-conditioning + 30 min of ischaemia + ischaemic post-conditioning