Scatter plot of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in rat serum after 30 min of reperfusion in the five groups. Horizontal lines represents mean of groups. IRI, 30 min of ischaemia (n = 10). IPC, ischaemic pre-conditioning + 30 min of ischaemia (n = 10). IPO, 30 min ischaemia + ischaemic post-conditioning (n = 10). IPC + IPO, ischaemic pre-conditioning + 30 min of ischaemia + ischaemic post-conditioning (n = 10), control (n = 8). *Group IRI compared with IPC + IPO, P = 0.043; †group IPC compared with IPC + IPO, P = 0.015. ▴control group compared with the four intervention groups, P = 0.000