Table 3.

Relative Frequency and Time of Observation Sample by Category and Study Group

Category	Study Groupa	Frequency of Observationsb	Rate of Observationsc	Time (min) of Observationsc	Time (min) Of Observations Median (min/max)	p-VALUEd
All categories	I	251	4.83	7.06	0.75 (0.07, 33.72)	0.506
	C	261	4.66	6.07	0.70 (0.05, 16.00)
Data review	I	59	1.13	0.73	0.45 (0.08, 2.78)	0.028e
	C	51	0.91	0.42	0.30 (0.05, 2.33)
Computer	I	144	2.77	2.99	0.68 (0.07, 7.70)	0.951
	C	157	2.80	3.14	0.67 (0.07, 5.73)
E-mail	I	0	0.00	—	—	—
	C	4	0.07	0.13	1.74 (1.47, 2.13)
Clinic	I	12	0.23	1.61	3.42 (1.00, 33.72)	0.487
	C	8	0.14	0.99	4.08 (2.05, 16.00)
Mail/letters	I	8	0.15	0.59	2.27 (1.35, 7.80)	1.000
	C	10	0.18	0.48	2.78 (1.20, 3.70)
Phone calls	I	16	0.31	0.91	2.05 (0.58, 7.83)	0.925
	C	16	0.29	0.70	2.38 (0.38, 5.05)
Verbal face-to-face	I	0	0.00	—	—	—
	C	4	0.07	0.07	0.49 (0.30, 2.47)
Other	I	2	0.04	0.04	1.09 (0.85, 1.33)	0.540
	C	1	0.02	0.01	0.80 (0.80, 0.80)
Organizational	I	7	0.13	0.14	0.85 (0.52, 1.67)	0.353
	C	6	0.11	0.10	0.73 (0.23, 2.50)
Nonspecific activity	I	3	0.06	0.04	0.57 (0.22, 1.45)	0.377
	C	4	0.07	0.02	0.38 (0.15, 0.45)

^aI, intervention group (clinical decision support review); C, control group (manual nurse review).

^bOnly observations conducted for a specific participant are included in this frequency. Participant-specific activities account for 34% of all activities conducted during the time-motion study.

^cColumns are adjusted by the total number of participants randomized to each group (I = 26, C = 28) and are reported per participant per week.

^dNonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test was used.

^eA p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.