Table 1.

Performance data of the biofuel cells reviewed in this paper. The current and power densities are based on the electrode surface area.

Category	Ref.	Fuel	Oxidant	Maximum cell voltage (V)	Maximum current density (mA cm−2)	Maximum power density (mW cm−2)	Comments
Microbial	Liu and Logana	Glucose	Air	0.52	⋯	0.0494	Single compartment
Enzymatic	Gellett et al.b	Methanol	Air	0.65	50	8.5	PtRu anode
Enzymatic	Katz and Willnerc	Glucose	O2	0.12	0.55	0.021	Single compartment
Microfluidic∕ microbial	Chiao et al.d	Glucose	[Fe(CN)6]3−	0.45	0.016	2.3×10−6	PEM
Microfluidic∕ microbial	Siu and Chiaoe	Glucose	[Fe(CN)6]3−	0.488	0.03	4.01×10−4	PEM
Microfluidic∕ microbial	Qian et al.f	Lactate	[Fe(CN)6]3−	⋯	0.013	1.5×10−4	PEM
Microfluidic∕ microbial	Parra and Ling	Acetate	O2	0.619	0.14	0.012	PEM
Microfluidic∕ enzymatic	Moore et al.h	Ethanol	Air	0.34	0.053	5×10−3	External cathode
Microfluidic∕ enzymatic	Lim and Palmorei	Acetate	Air	0.4	0.45	25×10−3
Microfluidic∕ enzymatic	Togo et al.10	Glucose	O2	0.55	0.065	⋯	Fuel∕ O2 mixture
Microfluidic∕ enzymatic	Zebda et al.11	Glucose	O2	0.55	0.69	0.11	Y-shaped channel

^aReference ⁶.

^bReference ⁹.

^cReference ³.

^dReference ¹⁹.

^eReference ²⁰.

^fReference ²¹.

^gReference ²².

^hReference ⁸.

ⁱReference ²⁶.

¹⁰Reference ²⁵.

¹¹Reference ²⁷.