Figure 3.—

such-1(t1668) sperm with aberrant DNA and centriole content causes embryonic lethality. (A–D) Immunofluorescence of wild-type and such-1(t1668) sperm. Centrioles (SAS-4, red), sperm membranes (SP-56, green), and Hoechst counterstain to visualize DNA (blue). Bar, 1 μm. Wild type, N = 58; such-1(t1668), N = 87; percentages on the right indicate the fraction of such-1(t1668) sperm of each class. Sperm with abnormal shapes or decondensed DNA were not considered. (A) Wild-type sperm with highly condensed DNA and one clear SAS-4 focus (corresponding to a pair of tightly apposed centrioles). (B) such-1(t1668) class I sperm with DNA. These sperm contain a single SAS-4 focus (6/28, corresponding to a pair of tightly apposed centrioles), two SAS-4 foci (19/28, presumably corresponding to four centrioles; not shown), or no visible SAS-4 (3/28, not shown). (C) such-1(t1668) class II sperm without DNA but with centrioles. These sperm contain either a single SAS-4 focus (35/41) or two SAS-4 foci (6/41, not shown). (D) such-1(t1668) class III sperm without DNA or centrioles (18/18); the cell was identified as sperm, based on its shape, size, and SP-56 staining. (E) such-1(t1668) is paternal effect embryonic lethal. Average embryonic lethality of progeny from wild type or such-1(t1668) hermaphrodites, such-1(t1668) hermaphrodites mated with plg-1(e2001) males and exhibited a gelatinous plug on the vulva, as well as fog-2(q71) females mated by such-1(t1668) males. Error bars, standard error of mean; N = number of embryos from a minimum of 21 hermaphrodites or four such-1(t1668) males.