. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Microbes Infect. 2010 Sep 9;12(14-15):1144–1152. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2010.08.012

Table 1.

Immunoregulatory factors of myxoma virus

Category	MYXV gene product	Function	Therapeutic implications
PKR signaling related	M156	A structural homolog of cellular eIF2α and a viral pseudosubstrate for PKR	Not tested
PKR signaling related	M029	Truncated homolog of VACV E3, a PKR inhibitor	Not tested
Viroceptors	M-T2	A rabbit-specific TNF viroceptor	Not tested
	M-T7	A viroceptor for rabbit IFNγ A species-nonspecific inhibitor of immune cell influx by binding to heparin-binding domain of chemokines (members from C, CC, CXC subfamilies)	Purified M-T7 protein can attenuate inflammatory responses in systemic inflammation disorders. It can also inhibit leukocyte infiltration after transplantation and prevent transplant failure.
	M-T1	A species-nonspecific viroceptor for chemokines of CC subfamily through C-terminal consensus domain	M-T1 can inhibit immune cell infiltration into damaged tissue and can prevent transplant failure.
Serine protease inhibitors (Serpins)	SERP-1	A broad spectrum protease inhibitor in a species non-specific manner	Purified SERP-1 inhibits inflammatory cascades and has undergone clinical trial for acute myocardial syndrome.
Intracellular immunoregulatory factors	M135	A virulence factor in rabbit pathogenesis of myxoma virus. Expressed on the cell surface during infection but its function is still unknown.	Myxoma virus with M135R gene knockout exhibits improved oncolysis for human glioma cancer cells in vitro.
	M013	In human monoctyes, M013 binds to ASC-1 and NFκB1 to inhibit inflammasome activation and NFκB signaling.	Not tested
	M130	A virulence factor with unknown function	Not tested
	M153	An E3 ligase that promotes host target ubiquitination and degradation (e.g., CD4) Downregulation of MHC I during infection Functions of M153 are species non-specific.	Not tested.
Mimicry of cell surface immune recognition molecules	M128 (vCD47)	A cell surface inhibitor of macrophage activation with unknown mechanism	Not tested
Mimicry of cell surface immune recognition molecules	M141 (vCD200)	Inhibits the activation of immune cells with myeloid linage through interaction with CD200 receptor. A component of the myxoma virus virion, it suppresses the activation of murine macrophages during infection in vitro.	Not tested
Others	M063	MYXV with M063R gene knockout loses the ability to infect rabbits. M063 is a rabbit-specific host range factor of unknown function.	M063R knockout MYXV has been shown to have superior oncolytic effect to human glioma cancer cells in vitro.