Table 1.
Broad classification of diseases of the trachea and main-stem bronchi
| Diffuse tracheal pathology |
| Associated with tracheobronchomegaly |
| Related to recurrent chest infections (most common cause) |
| Tracheobronchomegaly (Mounier-Kuhn disease) |
| Ehlers-Danlos syndrome |
| Saber-sheath trachea (increased sagittal diameter) |
| Asssociated with a normal or decreased size of the trachea |
| Tracheo-bronchomalacia |
| Relapsing polychondritis |
| Wegener granulomatosis |
| Acute tracheo-bronchitis of infectious etiology |
| Chronic tracheobronchitis associated with autoimmune diseases |
| Tracheal web |
| Amyloidosis |
| Sarcoidosis |
| Tracheopathia osteoplastica |
| Focal tracheal pathology |
| Intrinsic |
| Acquired tracheal stricture (mostly iatrogenic related to intubation) |
| Idiopathic tracheal stricture |
| Benign neoplasms |
| Primary malignant neoplasms |
| Secondary malignant neoplasms |
| Extrinsic |
| Compression from adjacent structures or lymphadenopathy |
| Vascular anomalies/slings |