Table 2.

Patient and procedural risk factors associated with post-ERCP pancreatitis

Patient related factors

Female sex

Young age

History of or suspected sphincter of oddi dysfunction

History of pancreatitis, recurrent pancreatitis or post-ERCP pancreatitis

Procedure related factors

Difficult or multiple cannulation attempts

Multiple pancreatic contrast injections

Pancreatic acinarization

Precut sphincterotomy

Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation

Sphincter of oddi manometry

Distal common bile duct diameter ≤ 1 cm

Presence of a pancreatic stricture

Procedures not involving stone removal