Table 4.
Effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system gene polymorphisms on survival of patients with heart failure
| Ref. | Sample, design1 | Endpoints | Follow-up (mo) | Mortality rate (%) | SNP | Main findings |
| Angiotensinogen | ||||||
| [75] | 822 | AD, HZ | 12 | 24 | M235T | No association with endpoints |
| [78] | 2273 | AD, HT | 48 | 18 | M235T | No association with endpoints |
| [83] | 4513 | AD | 48 | 49.7 | M235T, T174M | Increased mortality in 174M patients |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme | ||||||
| [75] | 822 | AD, HZ | 12 | 24 | I/D | No association with endpoints |
| [73] | 1943 | AD, HT | 60 | 42 | I/D | Increased risk of death in DD patients |
| [78] | 2273 | AD, HT | 48 | 18 | I/D | No association with endpoints |
| [84] | 3283 | AD, HT | 3-38 | 23 | I/D | Decreased survival in D allele patients untreated with beta-blockers. No differences in treated patients |
| [85] | 4793 | AD, HT | 3-62 | 28.6 | I/D | Decreased survival in D allele patients untreated with β-blockers. No differences in treated patients and decreased impact with high dose ACE inhibitors |
| [86] | 3233 | AD, HZ | 10 (median) | 9.6 | I/D | Associated with severity of disease (NYHA class) |
| Angiotensin-II receptor type 1 | ||||||
| [73] | 1943 | AD, HT | 60 | 42 | A1166C | Not associated with end-points. Increased risk of mortality as haplotype (ACE DD) |
| [75] | 822 | AD, HZ | 12 | 24 | A1166C | No correlation with mortality rate |
| [78] | 2273 | AD, HT | 48 | 18 | A1166C | No association with endpoints |
| Aldosterone | ||||||
| [87] | 3542 | AD, HZ | 12 | 3.4 | -344 T/C | Decreased survival in C allele patients. Isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine improved composite score in TT genotype but had no impact on C allele |
1
Study design;
2
Placebo controlled randomized trial;
3
Non-randomized, single group assignment. SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphism; AD: All cause mortality; CD: Cardiac mortality; HT: Heart transplantation; HZ: Hospitalizations; ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme.