Table 1.
Main findings in TUS study of lung and pleura
| TUS finding | Definition |
| Gliding sign or lung sliding | Respiration-dependent movement of the visceral pleura and lung surface with respect to the parietal pleura and chest wall. Normal finding |
| Reverberation artefacts | Multiple parallel transversal echoes departing from and reproducing the pleural line. Normal finding |
| Comet-tail artefacts | Discrete thickening comet-tail like echoes originating from the pleura. Normal finding1 |
| Ring-down artefacts | Vertical spreading in the depth echoes. Edema; interstitial diseases |
| Lung point | Boundary between pneumothorax and aerated lung |
| Lung pulse | Slow sliding depending on heart beats. It excludes PNX; can suggest atelectasis |
| Bronchogram | Air inside the bronchi2 |
1
Generally sporadic, becoming more numerous in diffuse parenchymal diseases;
2
If air moves inside the bronchi (dynamic bronchogram), atelectasis is excluded. If air does not move and appears as multiple parallel and fixed echogenic strains, it suggests atelectasis. TUS: Transthoracic ultrasonography.