Table 2.
Mean values for all variables, by treatment initiation status
| Variable | Full sample (N=419; 100%) | Initiated treatment (N=305; 72.79%) | Did not initiate treatment (N=114; 27.21%) | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomes (12-month follow-up) | ||||
| Attended school (%) | 82.55 | 81.79 | 84.62 | 384 |
| Involved in criminal activity (%) | 22.66 | 23.21 | 21.15 | 384 |
| Employed (%) | 40.63 | 40.36 | 41.35 | 384 |
| Abstinent (%)** | 0.47 | 0.52 | 0.36 | 384 |
| Substance use problem severity (%) | 0.96 (1.77) | 0.85 (1.57) | 1.27 (2.22) | 383 |
| Instrumental variables for treatment initiation | ||||
| Distance to treatment (miles) | 10.47 (9.33) | 10.02 (9.05) | 11.65 (10.00) | 417 |
| Very difficult traveling to treatment (%)** | 7.3 | 4.5 | 14.81 | 397 |
| Difficult traveling to treatment (%)** | 37.78 | 33.91 | 48.15 | 397 |
| Controls | ||||
| Attended school at baseline (%) | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.87 | 415 |
| Ever involved in criminal activity pre baseline (%) | 0.51 | 0.54 | 0.45 | 417 |
| Employed at baseline (%) | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.61 | 418 |
| Substance use problem severity at baseline (%) | 4.57 (3.3) | 4.68 (3.21) | 4.28 (3.52) | 417 |
| Site 1 (%) | 12.17 | 11.15 | 14.91 | 419 |
| Site 2 (%)** | 33.65 | 29.51 | 44.74 | 419 |
| Site 3 (%) | 23.87 | 25.57 | 19.3 | 419 |
| Site 4 (%)* | 30.31 | 33.77 | 21.05 | 419 |
| Percentage of population aged 25 and over with less than high school diploma (%) | 14.81 | 15.43 | 13.18 | 404 |
| Percentage of civilian labor force unemployed (%) | 5.54 | 5.63 | 5.31 | 404 |
| Median household income (1999) | $56,257.98 ($19,948.09) | $55,939.45 ($18,676.32) | $57,098.78 ($23,042.47) | 404 |
| Female (%) | 34.13 | 32.79 | 37.72 | 419 |
| Age | 16.15 (1.25) | 16.13 (1.29) | 16.19 (1.17) | 419 |
| White (%) | 49.28 | 50.66 | 45.61 | 418 |
| African American (%) | 15.79 | 17.11 | 12.28 | 418 |
| Hispanic (%) | 19.62 | 18.75 | 21.93 | 418 |
| Other race (%) | 15.31 | 13.49 | 20.18 | 418 |
| Lived in residential program (%) | 7.64 | 7.87 | 7.02 | 419 |
| Parent graduated college (%) | 22.58 | 20.82 | 27.27 | 403 |
| Parent or family members had alcohol/drug problems (%) | 43.91 | 45.25 | 40.35 | 419 |
| Referral from legal system (%) | 32.54 | 34.21 | 28.07 | 418 |
Standard deviations in parentheses for continuous variables. Kruskal–Wallis test compared distributions for those who initiated treatment with those who did not.
*
Statistically significant at p<0.05
**
Statistically significant at p<0.01