Table 1. Characteristics of the Rice Group, the Both Group, and the Bread Group.

	Rice group (n = 152)	Both group (n = 87)	Bread group (n = 51)	P a
Age [years], (mean ± SD, range)	11.4±3.34, 5.9–18.3	11.0±2.78, 5.7–17.2	11.3±3.09, 5.6–17.1	n.s.
Gender (no. of male: female)	74 ∶ 78	46 ∶ 41	25 ∶ 26	n.s.
Socioeconomic statuse (mean, range)	4.11, 1–7	3.59, 1–7	4.03, 2–7	<0.05b
Number of side dishes (mean, range)	3.74, 0–9	4.24, 0–8	2.71, 0–7	<0.01c, <0.001d

Rice group: Subjects who habitually ate boiled white rice for breakfast.

Both group: Subjects who habitually ate both boiled white rice and white bread for breakfast.

Bread group: Subjects who habitually ate white bread for breakfast.

^a: Significance levels were evaluated with the Scheffe test if the analysis of variance was significant.

^b: Comparison between the rice group and the both group.

^c: Comparison between the rice group and the bread group.

^d: Comparison between the both group and the bread group.

^eSocioeconomic status is divided as follows; annual income below 2 million yen (∼20,000 US dollars), 1; 2–4 million yen, 2; 4–6 million yen, 3; 6–8 million yen, 4; 8 –10 million yen, 5; 10–12 million yen, 6; ≥12 million yen, 7.