Table 2. GMR and Intelligence Quotient (IQ) of the Rice Group, the Both Group, and the Bread Group.
| Rice group | Both group | Bread group | P a | ||||
| (n = 152) | (n = 87) | (n = 51) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | Range | Mean (SD) | Range | Mean (SD) | Range | ||
| GMR | 0.521 (0.017) | 0.486–0.578 | 0.516 (0.018) | 0.477–0.580 | 0.512 (0.018) | 0.469–0.587 | <0.01b |
| WMR | 0.290 (0.012) | 0.257–0.315 | 0.290 (0.012) | 0.260–0.323 | 0.293 (0.012) | 0.264–0.331 | n.s. |
| Full-scale IQ | 103.7 (12.52) | 77–136 | 102.0 (11.90) | 77–137 | 99.9 (12.21) | 71–129 | n.s. |
| Verbal IQPerformance IQ | 104.7 (13.93)102.1 (12.25) | 76–14373–136 | 103.7 (13.93)99.5 (12.64) | 67–15262–134 | 100.3 (11.91)99.6 (14.32) | 67–12971–132 | n.s.n.s. |
| VCI | 104.6 (14.75) | 73–145 | 103.2 (13.82) | 64–151 | 100.3 (11.75) | 65–126 | n.s. |
| POI | 102.3 (13.71) | 68–146 | 100.3 (12.72) | 69–131 | 97.9 (14.30) | 74–134 | n.s. |
| WMI | 99.3 (14.16) | 69–138 | 100.4 (11.66) | 81–135 | 98.9 (12.64) | 71–121 | n.s. |
| PSI | 103.1 (12.58) | 72–136 | 100.4 (12.96) | 66–136 | 104.8 (14.95) | 69–133 | n.s. |
a
: Significance levels were evaluated with the Scheffe test when the analysis of variance was significant.
b
: Comparison between the rice group and the bread group.
n.s.: not significant.
GMR: gray matter ratio.
WMR: white matter ratio.
VCI: Verbal Comprehension Index.
POI: Perceptual Organization Index.
WMI: Working Memory Index.
PSI: Processing Speed Index.