Table 1.

Definitions of complications after pancreatic surgery

Pancreatic fistula: any output rich in amylase content (>3 × ULN of serum amylase, ISGPF definition with clinical grading system [A, B, C])10

Enteric fistula: enteric secretion that persisted beyond POD 5 with demonstration by fistulography of an instantaneous filling of the jejunal loop anastomosed with the pancreas (without fistulous tract) after injection of contrast media from drain catheters

Biliary fistula: persistence of biliary drainage beyond POD 5, confirmed by fistulography

Abdominal collection: collection of fluid measuring ≥3 cm in diameter demonstrated by transabdominal ultrasound or CT scan

Acute pancreatitis: increase by at least three-fold of normal plasma amylase or lipase values 48 h after the operation, confirmed by CT scan or clinical course

Post-pancreatectomy haemorrhage: defined according to onset, location and severity. The onset is either early ( ≤ 24 h after the end of the index operation) or late (>24 h). The location is either intraluminal or extraluminal. The severity of bleeding may be either mild or severe (ISGPS definition with clinical grading system [A, B, C])11

ISGPF, International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula Definition; POD, postoperative day; CT, computed tomography; ISGPS, International Study Group on Pancreatic Surgery