Figure 4.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) requires toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to modulate the production of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC). TLR4^+/+ and TLR4^−/− bone marrow cells (5 × 10⁵ cells) were cultured for 6 days with granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the presence or absence of Poly I, Poly I:C, LPS or cytosine–phosphate–guanosine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN). Surface markers were analysed by flow cytometry. The results are based on data for 10 000 gated events. The data shown are representative of two similar experiments. ***P < 0·0001, determined using the Student's t-test.