Table 4.
Genes and behavioral patterns
Genes | Mutant stains | Open field test | Immobility tests | Anxiety-like/risk-taking tests |
---|---|---|---|---|
CLOCK | mCLOCK | Hyperactive | Less immobile | More risk-taking-like |
GRIK2 (also known as GluR6) | GluR6−/− | Hyperactive | Less immobile | More risk-taking-like |
MAP3 (also known as ERK1) | ERK1−/− | Hyperactive | Less immobile | More risk-taking-like |
GRIN2D (also known as NMDAR2D or GluRe4) | GluRe4−/− | Hypoactive | Less immobile | More risk-taking-like |
OPRM1 | mu-opioid receptor KO | No change | Less immobile | More risk-taking-like |
OPRD1 | Oprd−/− | Hyperactive | More immobile | More anxious-like |
GABBR1 | GABAB(1)−/− | Bell-shaped activity display | Less immobile | More anxious-like |
GABBR2 | GABAB(2)−/− | No data | Less immobile | More anxious-like |
Abbreviations: GABBR1, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptor, 1; GABBR2, GABA B receptor, 2; GRIK2, glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 2; GRIN2D glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2D; MAP3, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3; OPRD1, opioid receptor, δ-1; OPRM1, opioid receptor, μ-1.