Table 1.
AKI (n = 75) | No AKI (n = 804) | P | |
---|---|---|---|
Demographic data | |||
Age at surgerya (y) | 65 ± 12 | 65 ± 10 | 1.00 |
Female gender (%) | 29 | 19 | 0.02 |
Caucasian (%) | 69 | 70 | 0.84 |
Institution A (%) | 32 | 28 | 0.57 |
Body mass indexa (kg/m2) | 31.3 ± 6.6 | 29.4 ± 5.7 | 0.01 |
Preoperative data | |||
Current smoker, (%) | 9 | 13 | 0.42 |
Past smoker (%) | 63 | 69 | 0.24 |
Diabetes mellitus (type I or II), (%) | 44 | 33 | 0.06 |
Hypertension (%) | 84 | 76 | 0.15 |
Hypercholesterolemia (%) | 64 | 75 | 0.05 |
Stroke (%) | 8 | 5 | 0.52 |
Left ventricular ejection fractionb (%) | 53 (40–60) | 55 (5–60) | 0.33 |
Hematocrit (%)a | 38.4 ± 5.2 | 40.0 ± 4.9 | 0.01 |
Serum creatinineb (mg/dL) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.34 |
Plasma NGALb (ng/mL) | 75.8 (60–110.5) | 69.5 (54.8–94.0) | 0.08 |
Preoperative medicationsc | |||
Aspirin (%) | 69 | 75 | 0.26 |
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (%) | 69 | 76 | 0.22 |
β-blockers (%) | 77 | 78 | 0.94 |
ACE inhibitors (%) | 51 | 48 | 0.70 |
Calcium channel blockers (%) | 20 | 14 | 0.13 |
Nonaspirin platelet inhibitors (%) | 19 | 24 | 0.31 |
Intraoperative data | |||
Blood product transfusiond (%) | 70 | 59 | 0.08 |
Cardiopulmonary bypass timeb (min) | 113 (82–138) | 97 (67–121) | <0.01 |
Cross-clamp timeb (min) | 80 (55–104) | 71 (46–91) | 0.06 |
Epinephrine infusion (%) | 41 | 26 | 0.02 |
CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; CPB = cardiopulmonary bypass; ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; ns = not significant; NGAL = neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.
Normally distributed continuous data are expressed as mean ± SD.
Nonnormally distributed continuous data are expressed as median (interquartile range).
History of any use at any time before surgery.
Packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, and/or platelets given intraoperatively up until postoperative day 2.