Table 1.
Baseline Demographic and Perioperative Characteristics of 879 Patients With and Without Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) After CABG Surgery With CPB
| AKI (n = 75) | No AKI (n = 804) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | |||
| Age at surgerya (y) | 65 ± 12 | 65 ± 10 | 1.00 |
| Female gender (%) | 29 | 19 | 0.02 |
| Caucasian (%) | 69 | 70 | 0.84 |
| Institution A (%) | 32 | 28 | 0.57 |
| Body mass indexa (kg/m2) | 31.3 ± 6.6 | 29.4 ± 5.7 | 0.01 |
| Preoperative data | |||
| Current smoker, (%) | 9 | 13 | 0.42 |
| Past smoker (%) | 63 | 69 | 0.24 |
| Diabetes mellitus (type I or II), (%) | 44 | 33 | 0.06 |
| Hypertension (%) | 84 | 76 | 0.15 |
| Hypercholesterolemia (%) | 64 | 75 | 0.05 |
| Stroke (%) | 8 | 5 | 0.52 |
| Left ventricular ejection fractionb (%) | 53 (40–60) | 55 (5–60) | 0.33 |
| Hematocrit (%)a | 38.4 ± 5.2 | 40.0 ± 4.9 | 0.01 |
| Serum creatinineb (mg/dL) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.34 |
| Plasma NGALb (ng/mL) | 75.8 (60–110.5) | 69.5 (54.8–94.0) | 0.08 |
| Preoperative medicationsc | |||
| Aspirin (%) | 69 | 75 | 0.26 |
| HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (%) | 69 | 76 | 0.22 |
| β-blockers (%) | 77 | 78 | 0.94 |
| ACE inhibitors (%) | 51 | 48 | 0.70 |
| Calcium channel blockers (%) | 20 | 14 | 0.13 |
| Nonaspirin platelet inhibitors (%) | 19 | 24 | 0.31 |
| Intraoperative data | |||
| Blood product transfusiond (%) | 70 | 59 | 0.08 |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass timeb (min) | 113 (82–138) | 97 (67–121) | <0.01 |
| Cross-clamp timeb (min) | 80 (55–104) | 71 (46–91) | 0.06 |
| Epinephrine infusion (%) | 41 | 26 | 0.02 |
CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; CPB = cardiopulmonary bypass; ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; ns = not significant; NGAL = neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.
a
Normally distributed continuous data are expressed as mean ± SD.
b
Nonnormally distributed continuous data are expressed as median (interquartile range).
c
History of any use at any time before surgery.
d
Packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, and/or platelets given intraoperatively up until postoperative day 2.