Table 2.

Phase-specific mean levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, glucose, and sex hormones in the BioCycle Study (n = 257)^a

Phase	No. of visits	Insulin (μIU/ml)		HOMA-IR		Glucose (mg/dl)		Mean
		Meana	Pb	Meana	Pb	Mean	Pb	E2 (pg/ml)	P (ng/ml)	LH (ng/ml)	FSH (mIU/ml)
Menses	498	6.1	Ref.	1.3	Ref.	87.1	Ref.	42	0.8	4.3	6.9
Mid-follicular	493	6.3	0.24	1.4	0.24	87.0	0.67	68	0.6	5.2	7.1
Late follicular	496	7.1	<0.0001	1.5	<0.0001	86.7	0.19	159	1.0	13.7	7.5
LH/FSH surge	497	7.2	<0.0001	1.5	<0.0001	86.6	0.12	159	1.8	16.6	8.3
Ovulation	489	7.1	<0.0001	1.5	<0.0001	86.2	0.003	130	3.1	13.8	7.7
Early luteal	482	7.5	<0.0001	1.6	<0.0001	86.3	0.006	134	7.5	9.1	5.4
Mid-luteal	475	7.2	<0.0001	1.5	<0.0001	86.5	0.05	140	8.9	5.9	3.7
Late luteal	376	7.2	<0.0001	1.6	<0.0001	86.9	0.56	96	5.5	4.9	3.9

Phase-specific means are adjusted for age, race, and cycle. E2, Estradiol; P, progesterone. 

^aGeometric means of insulin and HOMA-IR are given due to skewed distribution. 

^bP value for levels at each visit compared to menses levels.