Table 4.
Effects of Company Cohesion and Stress on Different Causes of Death at Older Ages: Hazard Ratios
| Variable | All Known, Excluding Violence | Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke | Other Cardiovascular Disease | Respiratory Disease |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fraction Dying of Wounds | 15.859*** (9.635) | 50.364** (71.395) | 2.338 (3.133) | 132.819† (362.328) |
| Dummy Variable = 1 if Cohesive | 1.051 (0.052) | 1.120 (0.113) | 1.040 (0.106) | 1.323 (0.202) |
| Fraction Dying of Wounds × Dummy Variable = 1 if Cohesive | 0.161* (0.125) | 0.041† (0.075) | 0.684 (1.201) | 0.007† (0.022) |
Notes: Hazard ratios are from a Gompertz model of years until death by cause. Competing causes of death are assumed to be independent. The data are restricted to men on the pension rolls in 1900, with known date of death, who did not change companies, and with both muster-in and discharge information. Additional control variables are age in 1900; dummy variables indicating whether the veteran had been wounded slightly in the war, whether he had ever been wounded severely, whether he had been a POW early in the war, and whether he had been a POW late in the war; occupation-at-enlistment dummy variables (professional or proprietor, artisan, laborer, and unknown, with farmer as the omitted category); country-of-birth dummy variables (Britain, Ireland, Germany, and other foreign country, with the United States as the omitted category); dummy variables indicating whether the veteran had been in a support position or had been a commissioned or noncommissioned officer; a dummy variable indicating whether the veteran had deserted; the logarithm of household personal property wealth in 1860; a dummy variable indicating that the veteran was illiterate; dummy variables indicating that information on wealth and on literacy was missing; a dummy variable indicating that the veteran had been a volunteer; dummy variables for wartime disease (typhoid, smallpox, respiratory, rheumatic fever, measles, diarrhea, insanity, malaria, fever, syphilis, gonorrhea, hepatitis, and cardiovascular disease); and state-of-regiment fixed effects. Numbers in parentheses are clustered standard errors. 3,650 observations.
p < .10;
p < .05;
p < .01;
p < .001