Table 2.

Comparison of Participants in Both HIV Testing Programs With Nonparticipants in 2006 Who Were Tested in 2004, by Selected Background Characteristics, MDICP 2004–2006

	Tested in 2004 but Not in 2006 (%)				Significance Tests of Differencesa
Characteristics	% Tested in Both Surveys (1)	Refused (2)	Temporarily Away/Out- Migrated (3)	Other Outcomes/Missing (4)	(1) vs. (2)	(1) vs. (3)	(1) vs. (4)
Age Group
15–24	23.9	23.6	52.1	35.4	ns	**	**
25–34	25.2	28.2	20.0	20.1	ns	*	*
35–44	24.4	20.0	13.7	17.4	ns	**	**
45+	26.6	28.2	14.3	26.2	ns	**	ns
Missing	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.8	ns	ns	**
Sex
Male	44.5	46.4	50.4	49.9	ns	*	*
Female	55.5	53.6	49.6	50.1	ns	*	*
Study Site
South	33.4	60.0	43.6	35.6	**	**	ns
Center	30.2	32.7	25.2	33.3	ns	ns	ns
North	36.4	7.3	31.2	31.0	**	ns	*
Highest Educational Level
No schooling	25.6	35.5	11.8	20.3	*	**	*
Primary schooling	60.5	50.9	67.4	57.4	*	*	ns
Secondary and higher	13.9	13.6	19.2	16.1	ns	**	ns
Missing	0.1	0.0	1.6	6.1	ns	**	**
Current Marital Status
Never married	12.3	10.9	32.3	14.5	ns	**	ns
Currently married	82.1	81.8	57.3	73.0	ns	**	**
Formerly marriedb	5.6	7.3	4.7	6.7	ns	ns	ns
Missing	0.0	0.0	5.8	5.9	ns	**	**
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of Respondents	2,031	110	365	477

Note: Percentages may not add up to exactly 100 in some cases because of rounding error.

Source: From the author’s calculations of data from the Malawi Diffusion and Ideational Change Project.

^aSignificance tests of proportions; ns = not statistically significant.

^bFormerly married refers to separated, divorced, and widowed respondents.

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01