Figure 1.

Representative examples of ramp-load rupture events. (Top) The three characteristic regions are: compression of the bead on the pedestal, retraction of the bead in the opposite direction until the compressive force reaches zero, and bond under linearly increasing tension until rupture. (Inset) Transmitted and fluorescence micrographs showing 1-μm-diameter beads coated with 2% PtdIns(4,5)P₂, 97.5% DOPC, and 0.5% LRPE (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-n-(lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl)). (Bottom, left) Double rupture and (bottom, right) delayed rupture events made up <10% of interactions and were excluded from the analysis.