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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Dec 10.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Intern Med. 2010 Jan 19;152(2):85–92. doi: 10.1059/0003-4819-152-2-201001190-00006

Criteria for classifying events to their likelihood of being an opioid-related overdose, based on medical record review

Categories Criteria Examples
Definite Clearly stated as opioid overdose. Accidental methadone overdose.
Probable Mention of overdose with involvement
of opioids, or stated as probable
opioid overdose. Or, mention of
overdose, and mention of opioids, but
not explicitly stated as opioid-related
overdose.
Acute alteration in level of
consciousness presumed due to
narcotic excess. Respiratory
depression due to narcotics or
Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
Uncertain Records not clear. In hospital but no specific mention of
overdose.
Probably not Event with no mention of opioids. Or,
mention of opioids but not stated as
operation.
Adverse effect in context of
overdose
Definitely not Clearly not opioid-related overdose. Opiate withdrawal.