Table 2.
Baseline | Dose 1 | Dose 2 | Dose 3 | Dose 4 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FBF | MAP | HR | FBF | MAP | HR | FBF | MAP | HR | FBF | MAP | HR | FBF | MAP | HR | ||
ACh | Young | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 86 ± 2 | 55 ± 1 | 6.7 ± 1.0 | 86 ± 2 | 57 ± 3 | 7.4 ± 1.0 | 86 ± 2 | 55 ± 2 | 9.6 ± 1.0 | 87 ± 2 | 55 ± 2 | 14.4 ± 1.9 | 86 ± 2 | 55 ± 2 |
Young + AA | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 89 ± 2 | 54 ± 2 | 6.3 ± 0.7 | 89 ± 2 | 54 ± 1 | 8.2 ± 1.0 | 89 ± 2 | 55 ± 2 | 10.1 ± 1.1 | 89 ± 2 | 54 ± 2 | 13.6 ± 1.5 | 89 ± 2 | 57 ± 2 | |
Older | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 98 ± 2 | 56 ± 1 | 3.5 ± 0.4*† | 99 ± 2 | 57 ± 1 | 4.6 ± 0.3*† | 100 ± 2 | 58 ± 2 | 5.3 ± 0.6*† | 99 ± 2 | 58 ± 2 | 6.3 ± 0.9*† | 100 ± 2 | 58 ± 2 | |
Older + AA | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 101 ± 2 | 56 ± 2 | 6.8 ± 1.1 | 102 ± 3 | 55 ± 2 | 7.7 ± 1.1 | 103 ± 2 | 57 ± 2 | 9.4 ± 1.2 | 103 ± 2 | 57 ± 2 | 12.2 ± 1.9 | 103 ± 2 | 57 ± 1 | |
ATP | Young | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 86 ± 2 | 53 ± 3 | 8.2 ± 1.0 | 87 ± 2 | 55 ± 2 | 11.6 ± 1.5 | 88 ± 2 | 56 ± 2 | 14.2 ± 1.7 | 87 ± 2 | 56 ± 2 | 15.7 ± 2.1 | 87 ± 2 | 55 ± 2 |
Young + AA | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 90 ± 2 | 54 ± 2 | 7.5 ± 1.0 | 91 ± 2 | 54 ± 2 | 10.1 ± 1.2 | 91 ± 2 | 55 ± 2 | 12.5 ± 1.9 | 90 ± 2 | 56 ± 1 | 15.1 ± 2.5 | 91 ± 2 | 57 ± 2 | |
Older | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 98 ± 2 | 56 ± 1 | 7.9 ± 0.9 | 99 ± 2 | 57 ± 2 | 9.8 ± 1.0 | 98 ± 2 | 58 ± 2 | 11.6 ± 1.6 | 98 ± 2 | 58 ± 2 | 13.9 ± 1.7 | 98 ± 2 | 58 ± 2 | |
Older + AA | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 100 ± 3 | 56 ± 2 | 8.1 ± 0.1 | 101 ± 3 | 56 ± 1 | 10.7 ± 1.4 | 102 ± 2 | 57 ± 2 | 12.9 ± 1.3 | 101 ± 2 | 58 ± 2 | 16.4 ± 1.7 | 102 ± 3 | 58 ± 2 | |
SNP | Young | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 86 ± 2 | 55 ± 2 | 8.2 ± 1.2 | 87 ± 2 | 56 ± 2 | 11.7 ± 1.4 | 85 ± 2 | 56 ± 2 | 17.7 ± 1.9 | 83 ± 2 | 61 ± 2 | 21.3 ± 2.1 | 82 ± 2 | 62 ± 2 |
Young + AA | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 89 ± 2 | 55 ± 2 | 8.4 ± 1.0 | 92 ± 2 | 56 ± 2 | 11.8 ± 1.3 | 90 ± 2 | 55 ± 2 | 17.9 ± 1.8 | 87 ± 2 | 57 ± 2 | 21.5 ± 2.0 | 85 ± 2 | 60 ± 2 | |
Older | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 98 ± 3 | 57 ± 1 | 7.8 ± 0.5 | 99 ± 3 | 57 ± 1 | 11.1 ± 1.2 | 96 ± 3 | 58 ± 1 | 15.6 ± 1.2 | 94 ± 2 | 59 ± 2 | 19.4 ± 1.8 | 89 ± 2 | 61 ± 2 | |
Older + AA | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 101 ± 3 | 56 ± 2 | 8.8 ± 1.1 | 103 ± 3 | 56 ± 2 | 12.0 ± 1.6 | 101 ± 2 | 57 ± 2 | 17.0 ± 1.6 | 96 ± 2 | 58 ± 2 | 20.6 ± 1.9 | 93 ± 2 | 61 ± 2 |
FBF, forearm blood flow (ml (100 ml)−1 min−1); MAP, mean arterial pressure (mmHg); HR, heart rate (beats min−1)
P < 0.05 vs. young
P < 0.05 vs. with AA; note, all absolute MAP values for older adults are significantly greater than young.