(A) Proposed biosynthetic route to phloroglucinol moiety and acyl side chain in the skeleton (summarized from Adam, Arigoni, Bacher, & Eisenreich, 2002; Karppinen, Hokkanen, Tolonen, Mattila, & Hohtola, 2007; Klinglauf et al., 2005). (B) Proposed biosynthetic elaboration upon the skeleton, leading to acylphloroglucinols isolated from H. empetrifolium (HE), Hypericum jovis (HJ) (compound numbering from Athanasas et al., 2004) and Hypericum amblycalyx (HA) (compound numbering from Winkelmann et al., 2003) (Boubakir, Beuerle, Liu, & Beerhues, 2005; Stanjek, Miksch, Lueer, Matern, & Boland, 1999).