Effects of RO5024118, RO0251553, salbutamol and native vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on guinea pig tracheal rings, pre-contracted with carbachol. Data are mean ± SEM of 6–7 tissues per group. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 for test compounds versus vehicle; ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 for RO5024118 versus VIP.; ++P < 0.01 RO5024118 versus salbutamol.