TABLE 2.
Changes in Body Mass Index (BMI) and Neighborhood Food Environment According to Residence Status Over a 2-Year Period: NLSY79, 1998–2004
| 2-Year Change Variable | Change Sample (n = 18 621), Mean (SD) | Stayed in a Rural Area (n = 4150), Mean (SD) | Moved to a Rural Area (n = 622), Mean (SD) | Moved to an Urban Area (n = 903), Mean (SD) | Stayed in an Urban Area (n = 12 946), Mean (SD) |
| Change in weight status: BMI | 0.27 (2.55) | 0.24 (2.45) | 0.29 (2.32) | 0.29 (2.36) | 0.28 (2.61) |
| Change in neighborhood food retail environmenta | |||||
| Supermarket density per square milebcefg | −0.003 (0.292) | 0.006 (0.057) | −0.06 (0.15) | 0.026 (0.006) | −0.003 (0.343) |
| Small grocery store density per square milee | −0.016 (2.27) | −0.01 (1.44) | −0.189 (0.983) | 0.054 (1.50) | −0.014 (0.983) |
| Convenience and specialty store density per square milebcdefg | −0.037 (1.69) | 0.005 (0.229) | −0.194 (0.72) | 0.096 (0.531) | −0.052 (2.02) |
| Change in neighborhood food service environmenta | |||||
| Limited-service restaurant density per square milebcefg | −0.015 (4.53) | 0.015 (1.09) | −0.683 (1.92) | 0.273 (1.59) | −0.013 (5.36) |
| Full-service restaurant density per square miledfg | −0.133 (8.64) | −0.007 (1.09) | −0.636 (1.92) | 0.324 (1.67) | −0.182 (10.33) |
Note. BMI was defined as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Every year that an individual was included in the change sample was a separate observation. Therefore the means refer to person-year observations.
For zip code area of residence.
The 2-year changes differed significantly at the P = .1 level between the stayed in a rural area and moved to a rural area categories.
The 2-year changes differed significantly at the P = .1 level between the stayed in a rural area and moved to an urban area categories.
The 2-year changes differed significantly at the P = .1 level between the stayed in a rural area and stayed in an urban area categories.
The 2-year changes differed significantly at the P = .1 level between the moved to a rural area and moved to an urban area categories.
The 2-year changes differed significantly at the P = .1 level between the moved to a rural area and stayed in an urban area categories.
The 2-year changes differed significantly at the P = .1 level between the moved to an urban area and stayed in an urban area categories.