Panel 1.

Afferent neuro-ophthalmologic disorders in MS

Acute demyelinating optic neuritis

Painful acute to subacute (hours to days) onset of visual loss typically characterized by central field deficit, dyschromatopsia, and recovery beginning within 2–4 weeks. Two-thirds will have normal funduscopic exam.

Subclinical visual loss in MS

Functional loss as seen in low-contrast letter acuity testing; structural retinal nerve fiber loss as measured by techniques, such as OCT

Chiasmal and postchiasmal visual field defects

Homonymous field deficits are rare and are typically associated with large demyelinating lesions.

Ocular inflammatory disorders

Anterior uveitis (granulomatous, nongranulomatous)

Pars planitis (intermediate uveitis)

Retinal periphlebitis