. 2010 Nov;13(11):1331–1338. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2010.0209

Table 2.

Association between Community Characteristics and Being within Thirty Minutes of a Hospice

			By population per square mile
			Quartile 1		Quartile 2		Quartile 3		Quartile 4
	Adjusted odds ratio	95% confidence interval	Adjusted odds ratio	95% confidence interval	Adjusted odds ratio	95% confidence interval	Adjusted odds ratio	95% confidence interval	Adjusted odds ratio^a	95% confidence interval
Population Per Square Mile
Quartile 1: Less than 250	1.00
Quartile 2: 250 to 2099	6.83	(6.37, 7.33)^b
Quartile 3: 2100 to 5499	31.25	(27.81, 35.12)^b
Quartile 4: Greater than or equal to 5500	126.26	(102.33, 155.80)^b
Percent of population age 65 or older
Less than 8%	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
8% to 11%	1.10	(0.99, 1.22)	1.09	(0.95, 1.25)	1.05	(0.85, 1.31)	1.42	(0.96, 2.11)	1.29	(0.74, 2.26)
12% to 16%	0.75	(0.68, 0.83)^b	0.76	(0.66, 0.88)^b	0.64	(0.53, 0.79)^b	0.89	(0.62, 1.29)	1.02	(0.57, 1.82)
Greater than or equal to 16%	0.53	(0.48, 0.59)^b	0.53	(0.46, 0.61)^b	0.46	(0.38, 0.55)^b	0.97	(0.68, 1.39)	1.46	(0.77, 2.78)
Median income
Less than $30,000	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
$30,000 to $39,999	1.44	(1.33, 1.55)^b	1.44	(1.31, 1.59)^b	1.32	(1.13, 1.55)^b	1.48	(1.12, 1.95)^b	2.76	(1.66, 4.60)^b
$40,000 to $49,999	2.20	(2.00, 2.43)^b	2.09	(1.85, 2.37)^b	1.98	(1.61, 2.43)^b	3.03	(2.11, 4.35)^b	6.79	(3.12, 14.74)^b
Greater than or equal to $50,000	3.84	(3.42, 4.33)^b	3.69	(3.17, 4.30)^b	3.01	(2.39, 3.81)^b	9.12	(5.81, 14.30)^b	17.92	(7.25, 44.31)^b
Percent with < high school education
Less than 10%	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
11% to 19%	0.62	(0.55, 0.69)^b	0.54	(0.46, 0.63)^b	0.61	(0.50, 0.75)^b	0.73	(0.50, 1.07)	1.52	(0.76, 3.05)
20% to 29%	0.52	(0.46, 0.59)^b	0.42	(0.35, 0.50)^b	0.53	(0.42, 0.67)^b	0.65	(0.43, 0.99)^c	1.79	(0.89, 3.60)
Greater than or equal to 30%	0.47	(0.41, 0.54)^b	0.36	(0.30, 0.43)^b	0.51	(0.39, 0.65)^b	0.74	(0.46, 1.17)	2.57	(1.40, 4.73)^c
Black Population Percentage
Less than 1%	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
1% to 3%	1.44	(1.31, 1.57)^b	1.48	(1.32, 1.67)^b	1.45	(1.23, 1.71)^b	1.41	(1.03, 1.93)^c	1.48	(0.72, 3.05)
3% to 14%	1.39	(1.27, 1.51)^b	1.44	(1.29, 1.61)^b	1.44	(1.23, 1.68)^b	1.68	(1.24, 2.27)^b	1.19	(0.63, 2.24)
Greater than or equal to 15%	1.75	(1.58, 1.93)^b	1.44	(1.27, 1.63)^b	2.29	(1.89, 2.78)^b	2.97	(2.03, 4.34)^b	3.89	(1.89, 7.98)^b
State has a Certificate of Need program
No	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Yes	0.49	(0.45, 0.52)^b	0.53	(0.49, 0.58)^b	0.47	(0.40, 0.54)^b	0.33	(0.25, 0.42)^b	0.20	(0.13, 0.31)^b
Census Region
Northeast	1.00						1.00
Middle Atlantic	0.55	(0.45, 0.66)^b	0.93	(0.75, 1.15)	0.25	(0.15, 0.41)^b	0.10	(0.03, 0.31)^b
South Atlantic	0.49	(0.41, 0.59)^b	0.71	(0.57, 0.88)^b	0.21	(0.13, 0.35)^b	0.24	(0.07, 0.77)^c
East North Central	0.52	(0.43, 0.62)^b	0.69	(0.56, 0.85)^b	0.23	(0.14, 0.38)^b	0.20	(0.06, 0.63)^c
East South Central	0.66	(0.55, 0.80)^b	0.87	(0.70, 1.09)	0.31	(0.18, 0.53)^b	0.70	(0.18, 2.68)
West North Central	0.34	(0.28, 0.41)^b	0.42	(0.34, 0.52)^b	0.14	(0.09, 0.24)^b	0.43	(0.12, 1.56)
West South Central	0.40	(0.33, 0.49)^b	0.55	(0.44, 0.68)^b	0.15	(0.09, 0.26)^b	0.31	(0.09, 1.05)
Mountain	0.20	(0.16, 0.25)^b	0.17	(0.14, 0.22)^b	0.15	(0.09, 0.25)^b	0.53	(0.14, 2.05)
Pacific	0.31	(0.26, 0.37)^b	0.37	(0.29, 0.46)^b	0.17	(0.11, 0.29)^b	0.15	(0.05, 0.49)^c

^{^a}

Multivariate model excludes Census Region variables due to quasi-complete separation of data points.

^{^b}

p < 0.001.

^{^c}

p < 0.005.