TABLE 2.
Comparison of Findings for Individual Drugs as Reported in Four Studies, Compared to the FDA Analysis
| DRUG: | GIBBONS ET AL. RELATIVE TO NO DRUG* SA | OLESEN ET AL. COHORT STUDY: RELATIVE TO CBZ† CS | OLESEN ET AL. CASE CROSSOVER STUDY: RELATIVE TO NO DRUG CS | PATORNO ET AL. RELATIVE TO TPM‡ SA & CS | PATORNO ET AL. RELATIVE TO CBZ‡ SA & CS | VANCOTT ET AL. RELATIVE TO GBP§ SI & SA | FDA ANALYSIS RELATIVE TO PLACEBO OR OTHER AED SI, SA, & CS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBZ | 2.37 | 1.0 | 0.48 | 1.08 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.65 |
| 1.12–4.61 | Referent | 0.21–1.12 | 0.56–2.08 | Referent | 0.3–5.5 | 0.08–4.42 | |
| CZP | - | 2.72 | 2.01 | - | |||
| 1.77–4.17 | 1.25–3.25 | ||||||
| CLB | - | 0.59 | - | ||||
| 0.05–7.43 | |||||||
| GBP | 1.16 | 1.27 | 2.20 | 1.99 | 1.45 | 1.0 | 1.57 |
| 0.66–2.05 | 0.66–2.44 | 0.83–5,83 | 1.45–2.73 | 0.92–2.29 | Referent | 0.12–47.66 | |
| LTG | 0.85 | 2.09 | 3.15 | 1.31 | 0.97 | 10.2 | 2.08 |
| 0.62–1.16 | 1.25–3.50 | 1.35–7.34 | 0.96–1.78 | 0.59–1.61 | 1.1–97.0 | 1.03–4.40 | |
| LVT | - | 5.91 | - | 0.62 | 1.10 | 2.75 | |
| 1.46–23.91 | 0.28–1.37 | 0.47–2.58 | 0.62–19.36 | ||||
| OXC | 0.98 | 1.69 | 0.84 | 1.49 | 1.41 | - | 1.91 |
| 0.62–1.56 | 0.81–3.56 | 0.30–2.32 | 1.01–2.20 | 0.90–2.21 | 0.15–56.33 | ||
| PB | - | 3.71 | 1.96 | 1.64 | 1.12 | 0.8 | - |
| 2.30–5.99 | 1.02–3.75 | 0.37–7.33 | 0.45–2.75 | 0.2–2.6 | |||
| PHT | - | 2.16 | 0.37 | 1.44 | 2.62 | 1.0 | - |
| 0.30–15.46 | 0.03–4.44 | 0.41–5.10 | 1.03–6.70 | 0.2–4.9 | |||
| PGB | - | - | 0.88 | 0.63 | - | 1.88 | |
| 0.31–2.54 | 0.15–2.65 | 0.41–13.58 | |||||
| PMD | - | 3.12 | - | 1.02 | 0.98 | // | - |
| 0.43–22.70 | 0.21–5.05 | 0.20–4.88 | |||||
| TGB | - | - | 1.98 | 1.23 | - | ∞ | |
| 1.15–3.41 | 0.72–2.09 | 0.20-∞ | |||||
| TPM | 1.87 | 2.11 | 2.72 | 1.0 | 0.80 | - | 2.53 |
| 1.22–2.87 | 0.67–6.67 | 0.23–32.78 | Referent | 0.48–1.34 | 1.21–5.85 | ||
| VPA | - | 2.40 | 2.08 | 0.84 | 1.02 | 2.3 | 0.72 |
| 1.42–4.05 | 1.04–4.16 | 0.35–1.99 | 0.63–1.65 | 1.0–5.3 | 0.29–1.84 | ||
| ZNM | - | - | 3.73 | 0.97 | - | 2.52 | |
| 0.77–17.96 | 0.40–2.32 | 0.26–67.94 | |||||
| FB | - | - | - | - | - | - | ND |
| Any AED | 0.88 | - | - | - | - | - | 1.80 |
| 0.72–1.08 | 1.24–2.66 |
References: Gibbons et al. (27); Olesen et al. (28); Patorno et al. (29); VanCott et al. (30); FDA analysis (18).
Adjusted for concomitant AEDs other than the 11 identified in the FDA report (18), antidepressants, antipsychotics, previous suicide attempts in the year before diagnosis of bipolar disorder, age, sex, and year.
Adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, Charlson score, civil status, diagnosis of epilepsy or a psychiatric disorder from 1978 to study inclusion, concomitant medication, and claimed prescription of opiate analgesics ≤180 days prior to study inclusion.
For Patorno et al. (29), the results of the propensity-matched analysis are shown.
Adjusted for depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder.
Combined with Phenobarbital.
The numbers in bold face highlight the statistically significant associations.
Abbreviations: SA, suicide attempt; CS, completed suicide; SI, suicidal ideation; ND, no suicidality data observed; CBZ, carbamazepine; CZP, clonazepam; CLB, clobazam; GBP, gabapentin; LTG, lamotrigine; LVT, levetiracetam; OXC, oxcarbazepine; PB, phenobarbital; PHT, phenytoin; PGB, pregabalin; PMD, primidone; TGB, tiagabine; TPM, topiramate; VPA, valproic acid; ZNM, zonisamide; FB, felbamate.