Table1.

Neuronal Mediators with Reported Influence on Bone Mass and Cell Differentiation and Function

Ligands	Osteoblast	Osteoclast
Glutamate	↑ Osteoblast differentiation	↑ Osteoclast formation
Nitric oxide	↑ Osteoblast differentiation	↑ Osteoclast formation
Leptin	↓ Osteoblast differentiation	↑Osteoclast formation
Neuropeptide Y	↓ Osteoblast differentiation	↔ Osteoclast formation
Thyroid stimulating hormone	↓ Osteoblast differentiation	↓Osteoclast formation
Follicle stimulating hormone	↔ Osteoblast differentiation	↑ Osteoclast formation
Noradrenaline	↓↔ Osteoblast differentiation	↑ Osteoclast formation
Cannabinoid receptor 1	↑ Osteoblast differentiation	↑ Osteoclast formation ↑ Bone resorption
Cannabinoid receptor 2	↑ Osteoblast differentiation	↑↓ Osteoclast formation ↓ Bone resorption
TRPV1 agonists	N/T	↑ Osteoclast formation
GPR55 agonists	↔ Osteoblast differentiation	↑ ↓Osteoclast formation

N/T denote non-tested.