Table 3.
Associations between susceptibility to smoking and exposure to various forms of media.
| Form of media | OR (95% CI) for smoking susceptibility, unadjusted |
Ptrend | OR (95% CI) for current smoking, multivariatea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electronic media | |||
| Television (h/day) | |||
| Lowest third (0–1.6) | 1.0 | 0.001 | 1.0 |
| Middle third (1.7–2.6) | 1.41 (1.03–1.95)b | 1.26 (0.85–1.87) | |
| Highest third (≥2.7) | 1.72 (1.24–2.37)b | 1.33 (0.88–2.00) | |
| Films (no. of films seen in last 2 weeks) | |||
| Lowest third (0–2) | 1.0 | 0.011 | 1.0 |
| Middle third (3–4) | 1.40 (1.01–1.93)b | 1.36 (0.91–2.04) | |
| Highest third (≥5) | 1.49 (1.08–2.05)b | 1.45 (0.97–2.15) | |
| Music (h/day) | |||
| Lowest third (0–1) | 1.0 | 0.045 | 1.0 |
| Middle third (1.5–3) | 1.05 (0.78–1.42) | 0.73 (0.49–1.06) | |
| Highest third (≥4) | 1.45 (1.03–2.04)b | 0.94 (0.60–1.47) | |
| Internet (h/day) | |||
| Lowest third (0–1) | 1.0 | 0.13 | 1.0 |
| Middle third (1.5–3) | 1.47 (1.09–1.97)b | 1.31 (0.90–1.90) | |
| Highest third (≥4) | 1.22 (0.86–1.73) | 0.90 (0.57–1.40) | |
| Video games (h/day) | |||
| Lowest third (0) | 1.0 | 0.24 | 1.0 |
| Middle third (0.5–1) | 1.45 (1.06–1.98)b | 1.31 (0.88–1.94) | |
| Highest third (≥1.5) | 1.16 (0.84–1.60) | 0.82 (0.54–1.25) | |
| Total electronic media (h/day) | |||
| Lowest third (0–5.7) | 1.0 | 0.016 | 1.0 |
| Middle third (5.8–9.5) | 1.49 (1.08–2.07)b | 1.05 (0.70–1.57) | |
| Highest third (≥9.6) | 1.49 (1.07–2.06)b | 0.81 (0.53–1.23) | |
| Non-electronic media Books (h/day) | |||
| Lowest third (0) | 1.0 | <0.001 | 1.0 |
| Middle third (0.5) | 0.64 (0.46–0.88)b | 0.83 (0.56–1.25) | |
| Highest third (≥1) | 0.55 (0.40–0.75)b | 0.58 (0.38–0.86)b | |
| Newspapers/magazines (h/day) | |||
| Lowest third (0) | 1.0 | 0.37 | 1.0 |
| Middle third (0.5) | 0.96 (0.71–1.31) | 1.01 (0.69–1.49) | |
| Highest third (≥1) | 0.75 (0.44–1.27) | 0.80 (0.41–1.56) | |
| Total non-electronic media (h/day) | |||
| Lowest third (0–0.5) | 1.0 | 0.002 | 1.0 |
| Middle third (1) | 0.82 (0.58–1.16) | 0.91 (0.59–1.39) | |
| Highest third (≥1.5) | 0.63 (0.46–0.85)b | 0.67 (0.45–0.98)b |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
a
Multivariate model controlled for age, gender, race, parental education (as a surrogate for socio-economic status), parent smoking, sibling smoking, friend smoking, demanding parenting, responsive parenting, sensation seeking, rebelliousness, depression and academic achievement. The analytic method was stepwise backward regression, with criteria of P<0.15 for removal.
b
P<0.05.