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(A) sVEGFR1 has been postulated to have antagonistic effects on VEGF signaling complex formation (top row) through competitive binding of VEGF ligands (middle row) and dominant-negative heterodimerization with endothelial cell-surface VEGF receptors (bottom row). (B) Sample simulations of the ligand-trapping effects of intravascularly administered exogenous sVEGFR1 based on results previously published in (Wu et al., 2009a).
