Eosinophils and IL-5 in mouse and human malignant pleural effusion (MPE). (A) Pleural fluid and blood eosinophils in humans with pleural effusion caused by malignancy (MPE, n = 55) and heart failure (congestive heart failure [CHF], n = 20). Pleural eosinophils are increased in patients with MPE, compared with CHF. (B) Pleural fluid and serum IL-5 levels in humans with MPE (n = 22) and CHF (n = 16). IL-5 is locally increased in the pleural fluid of patients with MPE. (C) Pleural fluid and blood eosinophil numbers in C57BL/6 mice 14 days after intrapleural delivery of LLC cells (LLC+, n = 17) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control (LLC−, n = 8). Pleural eosinophil accumulation is observed after tumor cell injection only. (D) Pleural fluid and serum IL-5 levels in C57BL/6 mice 14 days after intrapleural delivery of LLC cells (LLC+, n = 20) or PBS control (LLC−, n = 10). (E) Pleural fluid and blood eosinophil numbers in C57BL/6 mice 11 days after intrapleural delivery of MC38 cells (MC38+, n = 12) or PBS control (MC38−, n = 5). Pleural eosinophil accumulation is observed after tumor cell injection only. (F) Pleural fluid and serum IL-5 levels in C57BL/6 mice 11 days after intrapleural delivery of MC38 cells (MC38+, n = 5) or PBS control (MC38−, n = 5). (G) Pleural fluid and blood eosinophil numbers in C57BL/6 mice 14 days after intrapleural delivery of B16F10 cells (B16F10+, n = 12) or PBS control (B16F10−, n = 8). (H) Pleural fluid and serum IL-5 levels in C57BL/6 mice 14 days after intrapleural delivery of B16F10 cells (B16F10+, n = 5) or PBS control (B16F10−, n = 5). Dots = raw data points; lines = mean; bars = SE. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. B16F10 = mouse skin melanoma; CHF = congestive heart failure; h = human; LLC = Lewis lung cancer; m = mouse; MC38 = mouse colon adenocarcinoma; MPE = malignant pleural effusion; ns = not significant.