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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Chem Biol. 2010 Jul;6(7):489–497. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.392

Figure 3. S1P signaling in the nucleus.

Figure 3

Recently, nuclear functions of S1P have been revealed. Signaling through nuclear-associated S1P1 regulates gene transcription in endothelial cells and T-cells, thereby affecting vasculature and immune functions 59,60. S1P formed by SphK2 inhibits histone deacetylases. Complexes containing SphK2 and histone deacetylases are enriched in the promotor regions of p21 and c-fos genes 18. S1P5 and both SphK isoforms are found within the centrosome, where they have been postulated to play a role in spindle formation and mitosis 15.