Figure 2.

Levels (mean + s.e.) of immediate early genes (IEGs) egr-1 and c-fos as a percentage of the geometric mean of two housekeeping genes (actin, 18s) in four target brain areas: (a) the cerebellum (Cce), (b) dorsolateral telencephalon (Dl), (c) dorsomedial telencephalon (Dm) and (d) the preoptic area (POA). Black bars are males who were aggressive towards a mirror, open bars are males who were aggressive towards an opponent across a clear barrier and grey bars are males who were not involved in an aggressive encounter. Different letters above the bars indicate a significant difference between groups with overall α = 0.05.