Table 5.

MiRNAs involved in pathological processes in the lung.

miRNA	Function (A animal studies, H human studies)	References
miR-155, miR-17-92 cluster	deregulation results in uncontrolled inflammation (A)	[70,71,77]
miR-21, miR-27b, miR-100, miR-181c, miR-223, miR-224	increased following exposure to LPS (A)	[72]
miR-155	overexpressed in solid tumors, inhibition of tumor suppressor genes (A, H)	[81]
miR-223	impaired granulocyte function, regulator of granulocyte production and inflammatory response (A)	[82]
miR-148a/b, miR-152	allele-specific regulation of asthma susceptibility HLA-G gene (H)	[87]
miR-21	key role in asthma (A)	[88]
	overexpressed in solid malignancies (A, H)	[103]
	up-regulated in bleomycin-induced fibrosis and IPF (A, H)	[110]
miR-126	suppression of the asthmatic phenotype by blockade of miR-126 (A)	[89]
	downregulated in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells (H)	[111]
let-7, miR-29a, miR-155	regulation of allergic inflammation in bronchial epithelial cells (A, H)	[90]
let-7	pro-inflammatory effect in experimental asthma (A)	[91]
	role in lung cancer progression (H)	[99]
miR-133a	regulator of expression of RhoA, target for asthma therapy (A, H)	[92,93]
miR-146a	reduced expression in COPD fibroblasts (H)	[95]
miR-218, miR-15a, miR-199b, miR-125a/b, miR-294	deregulated due to smoking (A, H)	[96,97]
miR-218	tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer (H)	[98]
miR-17-92 cluster	overexpressed in lung cancers (H)	[102]
miR-34	regulation of apoptosis in lung cancer cells (H)	[105-107]
miR-210	overexpressed in lung cancer (H)	[108]
let-7d	pro-fibrotic effect in pulmonary fibrosis (A, H)	[109]