Table 1.
Measures of adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors in the study participants, by body mass index group and sex
| n | Normal weight | Overweight | Obese | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n) | 3063 | 487 | 199 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 3749 | 16.4 (1.4) | 21 (1.1) | 25 (2.2) | 17.5 (2.8) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 3743 | 60.41 (4.28) | 72.53 (5.17) | 83.02 (6.89) | 63.18 (7.71) |
| DXA total fat (g)a | 3570 | 5031 (0.46) | 13 162 (0.23) | 20 001(0.22) | 6134 (0.6) |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 3694 | 101.1 (8.4) | 107.9 (8.3) | 112 (10.4) | 102.5 (9.1) |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 3694 | 56.7 (6.3) | 59 (5.8) | 61.3 (6.8) | 57.2 (6.4) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2543 | 4.19 (0.65) | 4.3 (0.67) | 4.21 (0.68) | 4.2 (0.65) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2543 | 2.23 (0.57) | 2.4 (0.61) | 2.36 (0.57) | 2.26 (0.58) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2543 | 1.47 (0.31) | 1.32 (0.28) | 1.18 (0.27) | 1.44 (0.31) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L)a | 2543 | 0.97 (0.44) | 1.14 (0.43) | 1.32 (0.45) | 1 (0.44) |
| Leptin (ng/mL)a | 2543 | 3.86 (0.58) | 12.13 (0.53) | 21.05 (0.52) | 4.78 (0.75) |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L)a | 2543 | 0.18 (1.12) | 0.46 (1.17) | 1.03 (1.16) | 0.22 (1.21) |
| IL-6 (pg/mL)a | 2535 | 0.71 (0.89) | 1.02 (0.74) | 1.37 (0.67) | 0.77 (0.88) |
| Apolipoprotein A1 (mg/dL) | 2543 | 139.6 (20.44) | 133.4 (18.69) | 128.9 (18.14) | 138.4 (20.33) |
| Apolipoprotein B (mg/dL) | 2543 | 56.26 (12.27) | 60.28 (13.3) | 62.12 (13.44) | 57.01 (12.56) |
| Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 2541 | 12.97 (5.3) | 12.12 (5.16) | 10.3 (4.37) | 12.74 (5.24) |
| Participation in vigorous physical activity during past month (%) | |||||
| Never or less than once a week | 134 | 4.3 | 9.4 | 6.3 | 5.0 |
| One to three times a week | 1082 | 38.9 | 48.5 | 47.2 | 40.6 |
| Four to six times a week | 816 | 31.8 | 24.9 | 25.7 | 30.6 |
| Daily | 635 | 25.0 | 17.3 | 20.8 | 23.8 |
| Female (n) | 2924 | 723 | 193 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 3840 | 16.6 (1.6) | 21.2 (1.2) | 26 (2.4) | 17.9 (3) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 3837 | 59.31 (4.6) | 70.91 (4.94) | 82.41 (6.58) | 62.66 (7.99) |
| DXA total fat (g)a | 3650 | 7003 (0.39) | 14 779 (0.19) | 22 980 (0.17) | 8556 (0.51) |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 3787 | 101.2 (8.7) | 107.7 (9.1) | 113.9 (10.7) | 103.1 (9.6) |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 3787 | 57.1 (6.3) | 59.5 (6.1) | 61.7 (5.9) | 57.7 (6.4) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2459 | 4.33 (0.64) | 4.37 (0.72) | 4.5 (1.12) | 4.34 (0.69) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2459 | 2.42 (0.58) | 2.5 (0.69) | 2.66 (0.89) | 2.44 (0.62) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2459 | 1.41 (0.29) | 1.25 (0.29) | 1.1 (0.27) | 1.36 (0.3) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L)a | 2459 | 1.01 (0.4) | 1.22 (0.46) | 1.44 (0.49) | 1.06 (0.42) |
| Leptin (ng/mL)a | 2459 | 5.88 (0.57) | 16.31 (0.49) | 30.55 (0.4) | 7.59 (0.74) |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L)a | 2459 | 0.28 (1.1) | 0.61 (1.19) | 1.36 (1.12) | 0.34 (1.19) |
| IL-6 (pg/mL)a | 2457 | 0.87 (0.85) | 1.26 (0.71) | 1.8 (0.6) | 0.96 (0.84) |
| Apolipoprotein A1 (mg/dL) | 2459 | 135.3 (19.36) | 128.7 (18.69) | 122 (18.34) | 133.6 (19.52) |
| Apolipoprotein B (mg/dL) | 2459 | 60.54 (12.96) | 64.25 (15.39) | 68.16 (14.73) | 61.54 (13.65) |
| Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 2458 | 14.06 (5.66) | 11.97 (5.12) | 10.51 (4.63) | 13.53 (5.61) |
| Participation in vigorous physical activity during past month (%) | |||||
| Never or less than once a week | 170 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 12.9 | 5.7 |
| One to three times a week | 1697 | 56.0 | 61.5 | 62.1 | 57.3 |
| Four to six times a week | 821 | 29.1 | 24.8 | 17.9 | 27.7 |
| Daily | 273 | 10.0 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 9.2 |
aValues are arithmetic or geometric mean (SD). Overweight and obesity were defined using the International Classification Standards.14