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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Dec 14.
Published in final edited form as: J Mem Lang. 2009 Apr 1;60(3):329–350. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2008.12.002.

Table 1.

Results of the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) for error scoring in Experiments 1, 2 and 3.

Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Experiment 3
Tongue twister (TT) F(1,15) = 14.79 F(1,29) = 133.68 F(1,19) = 71.08
Position (P) F(3,13) = 0.69 F(3,27) = 12.29 F(3,57) = 15.21
Error type (E) F(5,11) = 5.04 F(5,25) = 39.99 F(5,15) = 20.45
TT × P F(3,13) = 4.64 F(3,27) = 5.59 F(3,17) = 2.87
TT × E F(5,11) = 4.26 F(5,25) = 12.24 F(5,15) = 9.98
P × E F(1,15) = 0.18 F(15,15) = 18.63 F(5,15) = 2.69
T × P × E F(1,15) = 1.83 F(15,15) = 6.22 F(5,15) = 2.59

Note: Bold font indicates significant multivariate effects (p < .05 using Pillai’s trace criterion); Italics indicates .05 < p < .10.