Appendix D.
Total number of items with errors (mean proportion and SD) for each error type as a function of list position and tongue-twister condition in Experiment 2 (spoken recall).
| List position | Tongue twister |
Non-tongue twister |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total | |
| Substitutions | ||||||||||
| Noncontextual | ||||||||||
| Phoneme | 19(0.055,0.23) | 9(0.26,0.16) | 24(0.07,0.25) | 16(0.05,0.21) | 68(0.05,0.22) | 15(0.04,0.20) | 6(0.02,0.13) | 20(0.05,0.23) | 5(0.01,0.11) | 46(0.03,0.17) |
| Item | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Contextual | ||||||||||
| Phoneme | 71(0.20,0.40) | 115(0.33,0.47) | 110(0.32,0.47) | 106(0.30,0.46) | 402(0.29,0.45) | 59(0.16,0.37) | 73(0.20,0.40) | 44(0.12,0.33) | 44(0.12,0.33) | 220(0.15,0.36) |
| Item | 63(0.18,0.39) | 105(0.30,0.46) | 99(0.28,0.45) | 95(0.27,0.45) | 362(0.26,0.44) | 55(0.15,0.36) | 63(0.17,0.38) | 32(0.09,0.28) | 39(0.11,0.31) | 189(0.13,0.34) |
| Omissions | ||||||||||
| Phoneme | 10(0.03,0.17) | 0 | 9(0.03,0.16) | 1(0.001,0.05) | 20(0.01,0.12) | 8(0.02,0.15) | 2(0.01,0.07) | 9(0.020.16) | 0 | 19(0.01,0.11) |
| Item | 15(0.04,0.20) | 12(0.03,0.18) | 46(0.13,0.34) | 56(0.16,0.37) | 129(0.09,0.29) | 4(0.01,0.10) | 4(0.01,0.10) | 17(0.05,0.21) | 21(0.06,0.23) | 46(0.03,0.17) |
| Additions | ||||||||||
| Phoneme | 1(0.001,0.05) | 6(0.02,0.13) | 2(0.01,0.08) | 4(0.01,0.11) | 13(0.01,0.10) | 1(0.001,0.05) | 1(0.001,0.05) | 2(0.003,0.07) 0 | 0 | 4(0.001,0.05) |
| Item | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |