Table 2.
Results of univariate ANOVAs for Repeated Reading of Tongue Twisters (Experiment 1)a.
| Tongue twister | Position | Tongue twister × Position | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Speech errors | |||
| Substitutions | |||
| Noncontextual | |||
| Phoneme | F1(1,15) = 2.85, p > .1 | F1(3,45) = 2.90, p < .05 | F1(3,45) = 3.577, p < .05 |
| F2(1,27) = 1.25, p > .2 | F2(3,81) = 1.14, p > .30 | F2(3,81) = 2.61, p = .057 | |
| minF′(1,42) = 0.87, p > .6 | min′(3,123) = 0.82, p > .4 | minF′(3,124) = 1.51, p > .20 | |
| Contextual | |||
| Phoneme | F1(1,15) = 10.26, p < .01 | F1(3,45) = 0.45, p > .7 | F1(3,45) = 6.75, p < .001 |
| F2(1,27) = 11.13, p < .01 | F2(3,81) = 0.52, p > .6 | F2(3,81) = 6.56, p < .001 | |
| minF′(1,38) = 5.34, p < .05 | minF′(3,111) = 0.24, p > .7 | minF′(3,117) = 3.33, p < .05 | |
| Item | F1(1,15) = 12.90, p < .01 | F1(3,45) = 0.77, p > .5 | F1(3,45) = 5.17, p < .01 |
| F2(1,27) = 17.16, p < .001 | F2(3,81) = 1.04, p > .3 | F2(3,81) = 6.37, p < .01 | |
| minF′(1,35) = 7.36, p < .02 | minF′(3,104) = 0.44,p > .5 | minF′(3,112) = 3.01, p < .05 | |
| Omissions | |||
| Phoneme | F1(1,15) = 0.54 | F1(3,45) = 2.43, p < .08 | F1(3,45) = 0.74, p > .5 |
| F2(1,27) = 1.09, p > .3 | F2(3,81) = 1.20, p > .3 | F2(3,81) = 1.08, p > .3 | |
| minF0(1,30) = 0.36, p > .7 | minF0(3,126) = 0.8, p > .6 | minF0(3,101) = 0.44, p > .7 | |
| Item | F1(1,15) = 2.01, p > .1 | F1(3,45) = 1, p > .4 | F1(3,45) = 0.4, p > .7 |
| F2(1,27) = 8.64, p < .01 | F2(3,81) = 0.84, p > .4 | F2(3,81) = 0.35, p > .8 | |
| minF′(1,22) = 1.63, p > .2 | minF′(3,121) = 0.46, p > .5 | minF′(3,120) = 0.19, p > .7 | |
| Additions | |||
| Phoneme | F1(1,15) = 0.05, p > .8 | F1(3,45) = 3.39, p < .03 | F1(3,45) = 0.56, p > .6 |
| F2(1,27) = 0.14, p > .7 | F2(3,81) = 1.58, p > .2 | F2(3,81) = 0.90, p > .4 | |
| minF′(1,26) = 0.04, p > .8 | minF′(3,125) = 1.08, p > .3 | minF′(3,97) = 0.35, p > .6 | |
a
Bold font indicates a significant difference (p < .5); Italic font indicates a trend towards significance (.05 < p < .10).