Table 4.
Results of univariate ANOVAs for spoken recall of tongue twisters (tongue twisters; Experiment 2).a
| Tongue twister | Position | Tongue twister × Position | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serial Recall | |||
| Accuracy | F1(1,29) = 77.70, p < .001 | F1(3,87) = 12.11, p < .001 | F1(3,87) = 5.61, p < .01 |
| F2(1,27) = 92.32, p < .001 | F2(3,81) = 11.81, p < .001 | F2(3,81) = 7.74, p < .001 | |
| minF′(1,56) = 42.19, p < .001 | minF′(3,168) = 5.98, p < .001 | minF′(3,165) = 3.25, p < .05 | |
| Speech Errors | |||
| Substitutions | |||
| Noncontextual | |||
| Phoneme | F1(1,29) = 3.50, p < .08 | F1(3,87) = 4.82, p < .01 | F1(3,87) = 0.80, p > .5 |
| F2(1,27) = 4.54, p < .05 | F2(3,81) = 5.24, p < .01 | F2(3,81) = 0.57, p > .6 | |
| minF′(1,56) = 1.98, p > .16 | minF′(3,168) = 2.51, p < .06 | minF′(3,161) = 0.33, p > .7 | |
| Contextual | |||
| Phoneme | F1(1,29) = 34.45, p < .001 | F1(3,87) = 3.87, p < .02 | F1(3,87) = 6.43, p < .01 |
| F2(1,27) = 38.96, p < .001 | F2(3,81) = 6.43, p < .001 | F2(3,81) = 4.53, p < .01 | |
| minF′(1,56) = 18.28, p < .001 | minF′(3,161) = 2.42, p < .06 | minF′(3,161) = 2.66 p < .05 | |
| Item | F1(1,29) = 31.16, p < .001 | F1(3,87) = 3.31, p < .03 | F1(3,87) = 7.02, p < .001 |
| F2(1,27) = 32.85, p < .001 | F2(3,81) = 5.77, p < .001 | F2(3,81) = 5.35, p < .01 | |
| minF′(1,56) = 15.99, p < .02 | minF′(3,159) = 2.10, p < 0.1 | minF′(3,163) = 3.05, p < .05 | |
| Omissions | |||
| Phoneme | F1(1,29) = 0.22, p > .6 | F1(1,87) = 5.93, p < .001 | F1(3,87) = 0.17, p > .92 |
| F2(1,27) = 0.01 p > .9 | F2(3,81) = 2.37, p < .08 | F2(3,81) = 0.14, p > .9 | |
| minF′(1,29) = 0.01, p > .9 | minF′(3,138) = 2.37, p < .08 | minF′(3,168) = 0.09, p > .9 | |
| Item | F(1,29) = 8.32, p < .01 | F1(3,87) = 6.19, p < .001 | F1(3,87) = 2.79, p < .05 |
| F2(1,27) = 46.81, p < .001 | F2(3,81) = 29.78, p < .001 | F2(3,81) = 10.43, p < .001 | |
| minF′(1,39) = 7.06, p < .02 | minF′(3,121) = 5.12, p < .01 | minF′(3,130) = 2.20, p < .10 | |
| Additions | |||
| Phoneme | F1(1,29) = 4.85, p < .04 | F1(3,87) = 1.08, p > .3 | F1(3,87) = 1.59, p > .2 |
| F2(1,27) = 2.37, p > .10 | F2(3,81) = 0.76, p > .5 | F2(3,81) = 2.10, p > .1 | |
| minF′(1,49) = 1.59, p > .20 | minF′(3,160) = 0.44, p > .7 | minF′(3,166) = 0.9, p > .4 | |
a
Bold font indicates a significant difference (p < .05); Italic font indicates a trend towards significance (.05 < p < .10).