Table 7.
Results of univariate ANOVAs for typed recall of tongue twisters (Experiment 3)a
| Tongue twister | Position | Tongue Twister × Position | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serial recall | |||
| Accuracy | F1(1,19) = 72.26, p < .001 | F1(3,57) = 13.17, p < .001 | F1(3,57) = 3.42, p < .03 |
| F2(1,27) = 55.01, p < .01 | F2(3,81 = 13.45, p < .001 | F2(3,81) = 5.74, p < .01 | |
| minF′= 31.23, p < .001 | minF′(3,133) = 6.65, p < .001 | minF′(3,116) = 2.14, p < .10 | |
| Reaction time | F1(1,10) = 33.80 p < .001 | F1(3,57) = 4.20, p < .05 | F1(3,57) = 1.69, p > .5 |
| F2(1,27) = 7.72, p < .01 | F2(3,81) = 14.15, p < .001 | F2(3,81) = 0.90 p > .1 | |
| minF′(1,38) = 6.28, p < .02 | minF′(3,90) = 3.24, p < .03 | minF′(3,136) = 0.59, p > .6 | |
| Speech errors | |||
| Substitutions | |||
| Noncontextual | |||
| Phoneme | F1(1,19) = 5.82, p < .03 | F1(3,57) = 0.28, p > .8 | F1(3,57) = 0.63, p > .6 |
| F2(1,27) = 19.11, p < .001 | F2(3,81) = 0.3, p > .8 | F2(3,81) = 0.7, p > .4 | |
| minF′(1,30) = 4.46, p < .05 | minF′(3,132) = 0.14, p > .8 | minF′(3,131) = 0.33, p > .7 | |
| Contextual | |||
| Phoneme | F1(1,19) = 26.82, p < .001 | F1(3,57) = 12.37, p < .001 | F1(3,57) = 3.14 p < .05 |
| F2(1,27) = 34.87, p < .001 | F2(3,81) = 12.81, p < .001 | F2(3,81) = 4.16, p < .01 | |
| minF′(1,43) = 16.07, p < .001 | minF′(3,133) = 6.29, p < .001 | minF′(3,125) = 1.79, p > .15 | |
| Item | F1(1,19) = 49.60, p < .001 | F1(3,57) = 10.25, p < .001 | F1(3,57) = 4.43, p < .01 |
| F2(1,27) = 59.77, p < .001 | F2(3,81) = 10.57, p < .001 | F2(3,81) = 7.12, p < .001 | |
| minF′(1,43) = 27.11, p < .001 | minF′(3,133) = 5.20, p < .01 | minF′(3,116) = 2.73, p < .05 | |
| Omissions | |||
| Phoneme | F1(1,19) = 1.34, p > .2 | F1(3,57) = 0.83, p > .4 | F1(3,57) = 1.81, p > .1 |
| F2(1,27) = 0.89, p > .3 | F2(3,81) = 1.40, p > .2 | F2(3,81) = 1.98, p > .1 | |
| minF′(1,46) = 0.53, p > .4 | minF′(3,116) = 0.52, p > .6 | minF′(3,132) = 0.95, p > .5 | |
| Item | F1(1,19) = 7.69, p < 0.02 | F1(3,57) = 2.40, p > .05; | F1(3,57) = 0.33, p > .8 |
| F2(1,27) = 38.40, p < 0.001 | F2(3,81) = 2.96, p < .05 | F2(3,81) = 0.03, p > .9 | |
| minF′(1,27) = 6.41, p < 0.02 | minF′(3,128) = 1.33, p > .20 | minF′(3,95) = 0.03, p > .8 | |
| Additions | |||
| Phoneme | F1(1,19) = 0.19, p > .6 | F1(3,57) = 3.80, p < .04 | F1(3,57) = 0.52, p > .6 |
| F2(1,27) = 0.65, p > .6 | F2(3,81) = 4.30, p < .01 | F2(3,81) = 0.47, p > .7 | |
| minF′(1,46) = 0.36, p > .6 | minF′(3,131) = 2.02, p > .10 | minF′(3,137) = 0.3, p > .6 | |
a
Bold font indicates a significant difference (p < .05); Italic font indicates a trend towards significance (0.5 < p < .10).