TABLE 2.
Baseline characteristics of 36,328 women according to quintiles (Q) of dietary docosahexaenoic acid and total omega-3 fatty acids1
| Docosahexaenoic acid (median) |
Total marine omega-3 (median)2 |
|||||||
| Characteristic | Q1: 0.04 g/d | Q3: 0.12 g/d | Q5: 0.27 g/d | P | Q1: 0.07 g/d | Q3: 0.18 g/d | Q5: 0.43 g/d | P |
| n | 6984 | 6737 | 7588 | 7148 | 6661 | 7151 | ||
| Age (y) | 54.5 ± 7.33 | 54.4 ± 7.0 | 54.9 ± 6.9 | <0.0001 | 54.5 ± 7.3 | 54.4 ± 6.9 | 54.9 ± 6.9 | <0.0001 |
| White (%) | 96.5 | 96.2 | 91.9 | <0.0001 | 96.6 | 96.2 | 91.5 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.8 ± 5.0 | 25.9 ± 4.9 | 25.9 ± 4.9 | 0.19 | 25.8 ± 5.0 | 26.0 ± 4.9 | 25.8 ± 4.9 | 0.06 |
| Exercise (MET-h/wk) | 12.3 ± 16.5 | 14.2 ± 17.3 | 17.7 ± 20.5 | <0.0001 | 12.2 ± 16.4 | 14.1 ± 17.6 | 17.9 ± 20.7 | <0.0001 |
| Fruit and vegetables (servings/d) | 5.34 ± 3.20 | 5.96 ± 3.06 | 6.72 ± 3.53 | <0.0001 | 5.32 ± 3.16 | 5.93 ± 3.08 | 6.76 ± 3.52 | <0.0001 |
| Nuts (servings/d) | 0.30 ± 0.52 | 0.26 ± 0.37 | 0.22 ± 0.32 | <0.0001 | 0.30 ± 0.52 | 0.26 ± 0.38 | 0.22 ± 0.31 | <0.0001 |
| Red meat (servings/d) | 0.78 ± 0.63 | 0.73 ± 0.53 | 0.55 ± 0.45 | <0.0001 | 0.79 ± 0.63 | 0.72 ± 0.53 | 0.55 ± 0.45 | <0.0001 |
| Energy intake (kcal/d) | 1712 ± 553 | 1745 ± 539 | 1662 ± 515 | <0.0001 | 1705 ± 546 | 1727 ± 552 | 1662 ± 512 | <0.0001 |
| Dietary magnesium (mg)4 | 321 ± 79 | 336 ± 69 | 365 ± 77 | <0.0001 | 321 ± 79 | 336 ± 71 | 365 ± 77 | <0.0001 |
| trans Fatty acids (g/d)4 | 2.55 ± 1.20 | 2.30 ± 1.01 | 1.89 ± 0.89 | <0.0001 | 2.56 ± 1.20 | 2.30 ± 1.02 | 1.87 ± 0.88 | <0.0001 |
| Saturated fatty acids (g/d)4 | 20.8 ± 5.5 | 19.7 ± 4.5 | 18.1 ± 4.5 | <0.0001 | 20.9 ± 5.5 | 19.6 ± 4.5 | 18.0 ± 4.5 | <0.0001 |
| Dietary cholesterol (mg/d)4 | 190 ± 65 | 229 ± 70 | 251 ± 74 | <0.0001 | 192 ± 67 | 231 ± 70 | 250 ± 74 | <0.0001 |
| Cereal fiber (g/d)4 | 4.43 ± 1.36 | 4.49 ± 1.24 | 4.78 ± 1.39 | <0.0001 | 4.43 ± 1.37 | 4.48 ± 1.23 | 4.77 ± 1.39 | <0.0001 |
| Parental history of diabetes (%) | 24.6 | 24.5 | 25.6 | 0.43 | 24.6 | 24.6 | 25.1 | 0.94 |
| Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 5.04 ± 0.39 | 5.03 ± 0.35 | 5.03 ± 0.37 | 0.63 | 5.04 ± 0.37 | 5.03 ± 0.38 | 5.02 ± 0.38 | 0.32 |
| Current smoking (%) | 14.4 | 13.3 | 11.6 | <0.0001 | 14.5 | 13.8 | 11.4 | <0.0001 |
| Current drinking (%) | 45.8 | 57.5 | 61.9 | <0.0001 | 45.6 | 56.7 | 63.1 | <0.0001 |
| Postmenopausal (%) | 53.3 | 54.1 | 56.3 | <0.0001 | 53.5 | 53.7 | 56.2 | <0.0001 |
| HT use (%)4 | 40.2 | 42.2 | 44.3 | <0.0001 | 40.1 | 42.7 | 44.3 | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 23.1 | 24.3 | 26.2 | 0.0002 | 23.0 | 24.8 | 26.3 | 0.0001 |
1
MET-h, metabolic equivalent task hours; HT, hormone therapy. P values were derived from ANOVA (for continuous variables) or chi-square test (for categorical variables).
2
Includes eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid.
3
Mean ± SD (all such values).
4
Energy adjusted.