Table 3.
Biopsy rates, disease activity rates upon study entry, and definitions used in the studies included for analysis
| No. | Author | Percent Biopsy Proven on Study Entry | Diagnostic Criteria | Disease Activity | Flare | Hypertension Definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Daskalakis et al. (6) | 100% (11/11) | 1 | 1 | n/a | BP >140/90 mmHg |
| 2 | Mintz et al. (13) | 73% (55/75) | 1, 2 | 1 | 1 | n/a |
| 3 | Sittiwangkul et al. (14) | n/a | 1 | 2 | 1, 2 | SBP >140 mmHg and/or DBP >90 mmHg |
| 4 | Oviasu et al. (15) | 100% (25/25) | 3 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| 5 | Le Houng et al. (16) | 29% (11/38) | 1 | n/a | 1 | DBP >90 mmHg |
| 6 | Rahman et al. (9) | n/a | 1 | 3 | 1 | SBP >140 mmHg and/or DBP >90 mmHg |
| 7 | Georgiou et al. (17) | n/a | 1 | 1 | 1 | n/a |
| 8 | Imbasciati et al. (11) | 100% (19/19) | 3 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| 9 | Le Thi Houng et al. (3) | n/a | 1 | 1 | n/a | DBP ≥90 mmHg |
| 10 | Packham et al. (18) | 100% (41/41) | 3 | n/a | n/a | DBP ≥95 mmHg or drug therapy |
| 11 | Wong et al. (19) | 77% (17/22) | 1 | 4 | 1 | SBP ≥130 mmHg and/or DBP ≥90 mmHg |
| 12 | Ruiz-Irastorza et al. (41) | n/a | 1 | 5 | 3 | n/a |
| 13 | Julkunen et al. (20) | 12% (13/112) | 1 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| 14 | Nossent and Swaak (21) | 13% (95/37) | 1 | 1, 6 | n/a | >140/85 mmHg |
| 15 | Houng et al. (7) | 100% (22/22) | 4 | n/a | n/a | DBP >90 mmHg |
| 16 | Wagner et al. (22) | 33% (19/58) | 4 | 1 | 1 | BP >140/90 mmHg |
| 17 | Tandon et al. (23) | 36% (19/53 | 1 | 1, 7, 8 | 1 | n/a |
| 18 | Wong et al. (4) | n/a | 1 | 1 | 1 | n/a |
| 19 | Whitelaw et al. (24) | 29% (9/31) | 4 | 3 | 1 | BP >140/90 |
| 20 | Soubassi et al. (25) | 100% (22/22) | 5 | 1 | n/a | n/a |
| 21 | Surita et al. (26) | n/a | 1 | 3 | 1 | n/a |
| 22 | Molad et al. (27) | n/a | 1 | 3 | 1 | BP 140/90 mmHg |
| 23 | Phadungkiatwattana et al. (28) | n/a | 1 | n/a | 1 | SBP >140 mmHg and/or DBP >90 mmHg |
| 24 | Imbasciati et al. (29) | 100% (81/81) | 4 | 1 | 1 | SBP >140 mmHg and/or DBP >90 mmHg or drug therapy |
| 25 | Clowse et al. (30) | n/a | 1 | 9 | 1 | n/a |
| 26 | Cortes-Hernandez et al. (31) | 20% (12/60) | 1 | 3 | 1 | SBP >140 mmHg and/or DBP >90 mmHg |
| 27 | Cavallasca et al. (32) | n/a | 1 | 1 | 1 | BP ≥140/90 mmHg |
| 28 | Chandran et al. (33) | 29% (9/31) | 1 | 1, 3 | 1, 4 | SBP >140 mmHg and/or DBP >90 mmHg |
| 29 | Clark et al. (34) | n/a | 1 | 3 | n/a | n/a |
| 30 | Moroni et al. (35) | 94% (45/48) | 4 | 1 | 1 | SBP >140 mmHg and/or DBP >90 mmHg |
| 31 | Carmona et al. (36) | 100% (35/35) | 1 | 6 | 1 | BP >140/90 mmHg |
| 32 | Wang et al. (37) | n/a | 4 | 3, 7 | n/a | n/a |
| 33 | Zhang et al. (38) | 46% (12/26) | 1 | 3 | n/a | n/a |
| 34 | Julkunen et al. (40) | 100% (16/16) | 3 | 1 | 1 | n/a |
| 35 | Lima et al. (42) | n/a | 1 | 1 | 1 | n/a |
| 36 | Derksen et al. (5) | 40% (14/25) | 1 | 3 | 1 | BP >140/90 mmHg |
| 37 | Carmona et al. (39) | n/a | 1 | 6 | n/a | n/a |
Diagnostic criteria: 1, American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1982 criteria (50); 2, paper-specific criteria (51); 3, clinical, laboratory, and histologic criteria; 4, updated ACR criteria (52); 5, paper-specific criteria (53). n/a, not available.
Activity: 1, organ involvement and laboratory abnormalities; 2, Mexican systemic lupus erythematosus activity index (54); 3, systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index-SLEDAI (55); 4, paper-specific scoring system (56); 5, lupus activity index (57); 6, lupus activity criteria count (58); 7, systemic lupus erythematosus activity index 2000 (59); 8, adjusted mean systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (60); 9, physician's estimate of lupus activity (61).
Flare: 1, new signs of active disease by clinical and laboratory variables or change in therapy; 2, Change in Mexican systemic lupus erythematosus activity index (54) score (>1); 3, change in lupus activity index (57) score (≥0.26); 4, change in systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (60) score (>5).