Table 3.
Regression model results
| EEG Awakening |
EEG Arousal |
Heart Rate |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
| Traffic Mode and Maximum SPL | |||||||||
| Intercept | -2.1434 (0.0622)**** | -2.0792 (0.0854)**** | -2.0677 (0.0903)**** | -0.7729 (0.0633)**** | -0.5397 (0.0824)**** | -0.6634 (0.0836)**** | 1.8771 (0.1399)**** | 2.1583 (0.1767)**** | 2.0927 (0.1877)**** |
| Traffic mode Air vs. Road | -0.3369 (0.0450)**** | -0.3630 (0.0461)**** | 0.2234 (0.0848)* | -0.4675 (0.0328)**** | -0.4865 (0.0335)**** | 0.1173 (0.0573)* | -0.4983 (0.0926)**** | -0.4923 (0.0921)**** | 0.3220 (0.1753) |
| Traffic mode Rail vs. Road | 0.0585 (0.0414) | 0.0546 (0.0425) | -0.4300 (0.0878)**** | -0.0083 (0.0314) | -0.0019 (0.0321) | -0.0742 (0.0352)* | -0.0144 (0.0916) | -0.0063 (0.0911) | -0.2978 (0.1529) |
| Traffic mode Rail vs. Air | 0.3954 (0.0445)**** | 0.4176 (0.0456)**** | -0.6534 (0.1226)**** | 0.4592 (0.0329)**** | 0.4846 (0.0336)**** | -0.1915 (0.0656)** | 0.4838 (0.0923)**** | 0.4860 (0.0918)**** | -0.6198 (0.1943)** |
| Lmax [dB] | 0.0632 (0.0026)**** | 0.0656 (0.0027)**** | 0.0067 (0.0071) | 0.0521 (0.0019)**** | 0.0545 (0.0019)**** | 0.0184 (0.0034)**** | 0.0936 (0.0053)**** | 0.0941 (0.0053)**** | -0.0018 (0.0146) |
| Lmax2 [dB2] | 0.0023 (0.0004)**** | 0.0023 (0.0004)**** | 0.0011 (0.0005)* | 0.0014 (0.0003)**** | 0.0014 (0.0003)**** | 0.0004 (0.0003) | 0.0051 (0.0009)**** | 0.0052 (0.0009)**** | 0.0028 (0.0009)** |
| Individual Moderators | |||||||||
| Age [years] | 0.0033 (0.0040) | 0.0033 (0.0040) | 0.0090 (0.0042)* | 0.0090 (0.0042)* | -0.0198 (0.0081)* | -0.0199 (0.0081)* | |||
| Male gender | 0.2158 (0.1067)* | 0.2153 (0.1070)* | 0.2971 (0.1123)* | 0.2991 (0.1132)* | 0.6234 (0.2189)** | 0.6208 (0.2187)** | |||
| Situational Moderators | |||||||||
| Prior sleep stage S1 vs. S2 | 1.570 (0.0581)**** | 1.5754 (0.0583)**** | 0.8968 (0.0600)**** | 0.8978 (0.0602)**** | -2.0758 (0.1674)**** | -2.0937 (0.1670)**** | |||
| Prior sleep stage SWS vs. S2 | -0.4928 (0.0626)**** | -0.4934 (0.0628)**** | -0.9064 (0.0455)**** | -0.9159 (0.0457)**** | 0.4977 (0.1142)**** | 0.4963 (0.1140)**** | |||
| Prior sleep stage REM vs. S2 | -0.3815 (0.0496)**** | -0.3839 (0.0497)**** | -0.6433 (0.0361)**** | -0.6496 (0.0363)**** | -0.5614 (0.0952)**** | -0.5586 (0.0950)**** | |||
| Elapsed sleep time [h] | 0.0294 (0.0084)*** | 0.0296 (0.0085)*** | 0.0119 (0.0063) | 0.0111 (0.0064) | 0.2244 (0.0180)**** | 0.2229 (0.0180)**** | |||
| Study night [d] | -0.0202 (0.0069)** | -0.0206 (0.0069)** | -0.0118 (0.0054)* | -0.0122 (0.0054)* | 0.0140 (0.0143) | 0.0136 (0.0142) | |||
| Noise events per night 80 vs. 40 | -0.1654 (0.0430)*** | -0.1671 (0.0432)*** | -0.1902 (0.0325)**** | -0.1912 (0.0326)**** | -0.3837 (0.0918)**** | -0.3826 (0.0916)**** | |||
| Noise events per night 120 vs. 40 | -0.3266 (0.0518)**** | -0.3299 (0.0520)**** | -0.3025 (0.0380)**** | -0.3056 (0.0382)**** | -0.6285 (0.1069)**** | -0.6313 (0.1067)**** | |||
| Acoustical Moderators | |||||||||
| SPL rise time [dB/s] | 0.0289 (0.0099)** | 0.0262 (0.0073)*** | 0.0451 (0.0208)* | ||||||
| Octave energy 31.5 Hz [dB] | 0.0149 (0.0037)*** | ||||||||
| Octave energy 63 Hz [dB] | -0.0208 (0.0088)* | ||||||||
| Octave energy 125 Hz [dB] | 0.0251 (0.0091)** | ||||||||
| Octave energy 500 Hz [dB] | 0.0151 (0.0062)* | 0.0278 (0.0137)* | |||||||
| Octave energy 4 kHz [dB] | 0.0271 (0.0056)**** | 0.0231 (0.0039)**** | 0.0219 (0.0107)* | ||||||
| Octave energy 8 kHz [dB] | 0.0352 (0.0057)**** | 0.0344 (0.0044)**** | 0.1027 (0.0126)**** | ||||||
| Variance random subject effect | 0.1753 (0.0336)**** | 0.1751 (0.0337)**** | 0.1763 (0.0339)**** | 0.2349 (0.0416)**** | 0.2089 (0.0373)**** | 0.2121 (0.0379)**** | 0.9561 (0.1778)**** | 0.7402 (0.1408)**** | 0.7390 (0.1406)**** |
Regression coefficient estimates and standard errors (in parenthesis) are shown.
*
P < 0.05
**
P < 0.01
***
P < 0.001
****
P < 0.0001
variables were centered at Lmax = 55 dB, Age = 40 years, Elapsed sleep time = 4 hours, Study night = 6th night, SPL rise time = 5.7 dB/s, Octave 31.5 Hz = 50 dB, Octave 63 Hz = 52 dB, Octave 125 Hz = 46 dB, Octave 500 Hz = 44 dB, Octave 4 kHz = 27 dB, Octave 8 kHz = 16 dB.